Tetracaine hydrochloride Cas 136-47-0
Specification
Items | Specification | Result |
Appearance | White crystalline powder | White crystalline powder |
Assay | 98%-101% | 99.87% |
Water | ≤2.0% | 0.62% |
Residue on ignition | ≤0.1% | 0.03% |
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Tetracaine hydrochloride (CAS 136-47-0) is a highly potent, long-acting ester-type local anesthetic with a chemical formula of C₁₅H₂₄N₂O₂·HCl. It exerts its anesthetic effect by reversibly blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in peripheral nerve fibers, preventing the generation and conduction of action potentials—effectively numbing sensory, motor, and autonomic nerve function in the targeted area. Unlike some shorter-acting anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine), it boasts a prolonged duration of action (2–4 hours for topical use, up to 2–3 hours for spinal administration) and a relatively rapid onset (1–5 minutes topically, 5–10 minutes for spinal).
Core Applications Across Industries:
Human Medicine:
Topical Anesthesia: Widely used for skin and mucous membrane procedures—including ophthalmic exams/surgeries (corneal anesthesia), ENT procedures (nose/throat biopsies, endoscopies), dental work (gum numbing for deep cleanings or minor surgeries), and wound care (burns, ulcers, or post-surgical incisions) to alleviate pain during treatment. It is also formulated in creams, ointments, sprays, or drops for accessible application.
Spinal Anesthesia: Administered intrathecally for lower body surgeries (e.g., orthopedic procedures on legs, cesarean sections, pelvic surgeries) to induce profound, long-lasting numbness without general anesthesia, reducing surgical risks and post-op pain.
Pain Management: Occasionally used for chronic pain conditions (e.g., neuralgia) when other anesthetics are ineffective, though typically reserved for short-term use due to potency.
Dentistry: Beyond routine gum numbing, it is included in some dental pastes or gels for root canal procedures or to relieve acute tooth sensitivity, providing targeted pain relief during invasive treatments.
Veterinary Medicine: Employed for local pain management in animals—e.g., topical use for wound care, minor skin surgeries (tumor removals), or ophthalmic procedures in dogs, cats, and livestock. It is also used in spinal anesthesia for veterinary surgeries involving the lower body.
Research & Laboratory Settings: Utilized as a tool to study nerve conduction mechanisms, as its specific action on sodium channels makes it ideal for investigating neural physiology in preclinical models.
Key Product Formulations:
Commercially available as creams (e.g., 0.5–1% concentration), ointments, ophthalmic drops (0.5%), nasal sprays, injectable solutions (1% for spinal use), and topical gels. It is often combined with other agents (e.g., epinephrine) to prolong efficacy or reduce systemic absorption, though such combinations require careful dosing.
Safety & Considerations:
Due to its high potency, tetracaine hydrochloride carries a risk of systemic toxicity (e.g., CNS effects like dizziness, seizures, or respiratory depression; cardiovascular effects like hypotension or arrhythmias) if overused, absorbed excessively, or administered incorrectly. It is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to ester anesthetics or PABA (a metabolite) and must be administered by trained healthcare professionals. Dosage is strictly weight-based, and topical use on broken or inflamed skin is limited to avoid increased absorption.
Its versatility, long duration, and rapid onset make it a staple in clinical settings, while its formulation flexibility (creams, injectables, drops) ensures suitability for diverse procedural needs—solidifying its role as a critical tool in anesthesia and pain management.
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