Etilefrine hydrochloride Cas 943-17-9
Specification
Items | Specification | Result |
Appearance | White or almost white crystalline powder | White crystalline powder |
Assay | 98.0%-101.0% | 99.5% |
Loss on drying | ≤0.5% | 0.1% |
Residue on ignition | ≤0.1% | 0.07% |
Heavy metals | ≤20ppm | Complies |
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Etilefrine hydrochloride is the salt form of Etilefrine, a synthetic sympathomimetic amine. This means it mimics the effects of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine (adrenaline) in the body.
Chemical Name: (±)-erythro-1-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethylaminoethanol hydrochloride
Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₅NO₂·HCl
Mode of Action: It primarily acts as an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist. Stimulating these receptors causes vasoconstriction (tightening of blood vessels), which leads to an increase in blood pressure and improved venous return to the heart.
2. Primary (Pharmaceutical) Uses
In a medical/pharmaceutical context, etilefrine hydrochloride is used as a vasopressor or antihypotensive agent. Its main therapeutic applications are:
Treatment of Hypotension: Especially orthostatic hypotension (a sudden fall in blood pressure when standing up).
Management of Low Blood Pressure: Associated with conditions like varicose veins or during surgical procedures.
Adjunct Therapy: In some countries, it's used in combination with other agents for conditions like vertigo or Meniere's disease.
Important Note: Its medical use has declined or become regional (more common in some Asian and European countries) as newer agents with more specific profiles have been developed.
3. Uses in "Chemical Grade"
The term "chemical grade" (also called reagent grade, laboratory grade, or reference standard grade) indicates that the substance is intended for non-pharmaceutical, scientific use. It is not packaged or certified for human or veterinary consumption.
For Etilefrine hydrochloride, this grade is used exclusively in research and analytical laboratories. Key applications include:
a. Analytical Reference Standard
b. Biochemical and Pharmacological Research
c. Chemical Intermediate
Purpose: To serve as a starting material or precursor for the synthesis of other, more complex chemical compounds.
Uses: While not its most common use, researchers in medicinal chemistry might modify the etilefrine molecule to create novel derivatives and study their structure-activity relationships (SAR).
Key Characteristics of "Chemical Grade" Etilefrine HCl vs. Pharmaceutical Grade
| Feature | Chemical / Reagent Grade | Pharmaceutical Grade |
|---|
| Primary Use | Laboratory analysis & research | Human/veterinary medicine |
| Certification | Certificate of Analysis (CoA) with purity (e.g., ≥98% by HPLC). | Strict pharmacopoeial standards (USP, Ph. Eur., JP). |
| Purity | High, but focused on chemical impurity profile. | Extremely high, with strict limits on specific, defined impurities and heavy metals. |
| Excipients | None (pure compound). | Contains fillers, binders, etc., in final dosage form. |
| Packaging | Plain container (vial, bottle). May be light-protected. | Pharmaceutical blister packs, vials with medical labels. |
| Regulatory Path | Not for drug use; follows lab chemical regulations. | Requires extensive clinical trials and regulatory approval (FDA, EMA, etc.). |
Summary
Etilefrine hydrochloride is a synthetic drug that raises blood pressure by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors.
In its chemical grade form, it is not used as a medicine.
Its sole purposes are:
As an Analytical Standard for quality control and forensic testing.
As a Research Tool in pharmacological and biochemical experiments to study cardiovascular systems and receptor biology.
As a Potential Chemical Intermediate for synthesis.
When sourcing "chemical grade" etilefrine hydrochloride, it is typically purchased from suppliers of fine chemicals and reference standards (e.g., Sigma-Aldrich, TCI, LGC Standards, USP) and must be handled with appropriate laboratory safety precautions.

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