| Properties |
Amstat is an antifibrinolytic drug, commonly called Tranexamic acid. Tranexamic acid is a white crystalline powder. It is freely soluble in water and in glacial acetic acid and is very slightly soluble in ethanol and practically insoluble in ether. |
| Coagulation and hemostasis drugs |
Tranexamic acid is a derivative of aminomethylbenzoic acid, and a kind of antifibrinolytic drugs to stop bleeding. The hemostasis mechanism of tranexamic acid is similar to aminocaproic acid and aminomethylbenzoic acid, but the effect is stronger. The strength is 7 to 10 times of aminocaproic acid, 2 times of aminomethylbenzoic acid, but toxicity is similar.
The chemical structure of tranexamic acid is similar to lysine, competitive inhibition of plasmin original in fibrin adsorption, to prevent their activation, protection fiber protein not to degrade by plasmin and dissolve, eventually achieve hemostasis. Applicable in the treatment of acute or chronic, localized or systemic primary fiber fibrinolytic hyperthyroidism caused by bleeding, such as obstetric hemorrhage, renal hemorrhage, hemorrhage of hypertrophy of the prostate, hemophilia, pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis, stomach bleeding, after operation of liver, lung, spleen and other viscera hemorrhage; also can be used in surgery when abnormal bleeding etc..
Clinical tranexamic acid has effect significantly to insect bites disease, dermatitis and eczema, simple purpura, chronic urticaria, artificial sex urticaria, toxic eruption and eruption. And also has a certain effect on erythroderma, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Erythema multiforme, shingles and alopecia areata. Treatment of hereditary angioedema effect is also good. In the treatment of Chloasma, general medicine is effective about 3 weeks, markedly effective 5 weeks, a course of 60 days. Given orally in doses of 0.25 ~ 0.5 g, a day 3 ~ 4 times. A few patients can nausea, fatigue, pruritus, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea side effects after withdrawal symptoms disappear. |
| Indications |
- Various bleedings caused by acute or chronic, localized or systemic primary hyperfibrinolysis; secondary hyperfibrinolytic state caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation. Generally do not use this product before heparinization.
- Trauma or surgical bleeding in tissue and organs with abundant plasminogen activators such as prostate, urethra, lung, brain, uterus, adrenal glands, and thyroid.
- An antagonist of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), streptokinase, and urokinase.
- Fibrinolytic hemorrhage caused by artificial abortion, early placental detachment, stillbirth and amniotic fluid embolism; and increased menorrhagia caused by pathological intrauterine fibrinolysis.
- Cerebral neuropathy mild bleeding, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracranial aneurysm hemorrhage, the effect of Amstat in this condition is better than that of other anti-fibrinolytic agents. Special attention must be paid to the risk of cerebral edema or cerebral infarction. For severe patients with surgical indications, this product can only be used as an adjuvant drug.
- For the treatment of hereditary angioneurotic edema, it can reduce the number and severity of episodes.
- Used in patients with hemophilia for their active hemorrhage in combination with others drug.
- Hemophilia patients with factor VIII or factor IX deficiency in their tooth extraction or oral surgery in case of operating bleeding.
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| Mechanism of action |
Tranexamic acid is a synthetic lysine amino acid derivative, which diminishes the dissolution of hemostatic fibrin by plasmin. In the presence of tranexamic acid, the lysine receptor binding sites of plasmin for fibrin are occupied, preventing binding to fibrin monomers, thus preserving and stabilizing fibrin’s matrix structure. |
| Pharmacokinetics |
After a single oral administration of two 650 mg tablets of LYSTEDA, the peak plasma concentration (Cmax ) occurred at approximately 3 hours (Tmax ). The absolute bioavailability of LYSTEDA in women aged 18-49 is approximately 45%. Following multiple oral doses (two 650 mg tablets three times daily). administration of LYSTEDA for 5 days, the mean C max increased by approximately 19% and the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) remained unchanged, compared to a single oral dose administration (two 650 mg tablets). Plasma concentrations reached steady state at the 5th dose of LYSTEDA on Day 2. |
| Side effects |
The table below contains some of the side-effects associated with tranexamic acid, although these occur only rarely.
| Tranexamic acid side-effects |
What can I do if I experience this? |
| Feeling or being sick |
Stick to simple meals - avoid rich and spicy food. If you are not already doing so, try taking the tablets after meals |
| Diarrhoea |
Drink plenty of water to replace the lost fluids |
| Eyesight problems (such as problems with your colour vision) |
Let your doctor know about this as soon as possible as your treatment will need to be reviewed |
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| Chemical Properties |
white crystalline powder |
| Uses |
Antifibrinolytic agent; blocks lysine binding sites of plasminogen. Hemostatic. |
| Uses |
Used as lysine analogue to characterize binding sites in plasminogen |
| Uses |
Fibrinolysis, the cleavage of fibrin by plasmin, is a normal step in the dissolution of fibrin clots after wound repair. Tranexamic acid is an inhibitor of fibrinolysis that blocks the interaction of plasmin with fibrin (IC50 = 3.1 μM). It is a lysine mimetic that binds the lysine binding site in plasmin. Antifibrinolytic agents have value when fibrinolytic activity is abnormally high or when coagulation is impaired. |
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