1. In fiber spinning, phosphate esters serve as emulsifying stabilizers, especially under high alkalinity conditions, and are also an important component of synthetic fiber oiling agents. 2. In the paper, plastics, and leather industries, phosphate esters prevent static buildup and promote rapid static discharge, thus they are widely used as antistatic agents in highly hydrophobic and highly hydrophilic systems. Furthermore, phosphate esters possess broad resistance to acids, alkalis, and salts, making them suitable for chrome tanning or retanning in leather processing. This results in a more uniform distribution of chromium salts within the leather and facilitates the binding of chromium salts with the leather, achieving a fatliquoring effect. 3. In the energy and building materials industries, phosphate esters, as fuel additives for automobiles and vehicles, can improve fuel combustion value and reduce energy consumption. They are used as stabilizers in polymer materials and can be used to prepare phosphate ester glasses. They are suitable coupling agents for treating fillers such as calcium carbonate. 4. In processing aids, phosphate esters are a multifunctional plastic processing aid. Due to its excellent plasticizing, stability, heat resistance, antistatic, antifouling, and transparency, phosphate salts have been widely used in plastic products for construction, furniture, mining, conveyor belts, and transportation components. Furthermore, phosphate salts possess excellent lubricity, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, antistatic properties, low friction, emulsification, and weldability, making them suitable for use as cutting oils and wire drawing oils. They can also be formulated into oil-soluble and water-soluble emulsions and possess corrosion-inhibiting properties.
