A. paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees or commonly known as the “king of bitter,” or kariyat,kalmegh, hempedu bumi, pokok cerita, is a member of the family Acanthaceae(Sanwal et al. 2016). It has lanceolate green leaves and grows to a height of 60–70 cm(Subramanian et al. 2008). A. paniculata have been used to treat fever, cold,inflammation, and diarrhea (Balap et al. 2017). Their leaves have the followingproperties: antithrombotic, anticancer, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory(Zhang and Tan 2000; Yu et al. 2003; Kumar et al. 2004; Subramanianet al. 2008). The endophytic communities in A. paniculata have been reported toinclude species of Curvularia, Fusarium, Alternaria, and Penicillium, which havebeen found to exhibit antimicrobial activities (Mohanta et al. 2007; Gajalakshmiet al. 2012). Other endophytic species such as Aspergillus sp. have also been isolatedfrom A. paniculata with antimicrobial activities (Tan et al. 2016).
