N,N'-bis[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-3,4,9,10-perylene tetradicarboxiMide

Used in organic solar cells.

The small molecules of this monomer offers advantages over its polymeric counterparts because
(a) their structures are well defined and exhibit no molecular weight dependence, leading to improved purity and limiting variation; and
(b) they exhibit more organized nanostructures, leading to higher charge carrier mobility.

Additionally, small molecule architectures are sensitive to minute structure changes; thus, properties like electronic energy levels, optical absorption, and self-assembly tendencies can be systemically tuned to maximize device performance.