1H-Pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid, 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-, hydrochloride (1:1)

Ketorolac (RS37619) hydrochloride is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), acting as a nonselective COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2. Ketorolac hydrochloride tromethamine is used as 0.5% ophthalmic solution for the research of allergic conjunctivitis, cystoid macular edema, intraoperative miosis, and postoperative ocular inflammation and pain. Ketorolac hydrochloride tromethamine is also a DDX3 inhibitor that can be used for cancer research[1][4].

[1] Waterbury LD, et al. Comparison of cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity and ocular anti-inflammatory effects of ketorolac tromethamine and bromfenac sodium. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006 Jun;22(6):1133-40. DOI:10.1185/030079906X112471
[2] Fracon RN, et al. Treatment with paracetamol, ketorolac or etoricoxib did not hinder alveolar bone healing: a histometric study in rats. J Appl Oral Sci. 2010 Dec;18(6):630-4. DOI:10.1590/s1678-77572010000600016
[3] Hsieh YC, et al. Intrathecal ketorolac pretreatment reduced spinal cord ischemic injury in rats. Anesth Analg. 2005 Apr;100(4):1134-9. DOI:10.1213/01.ANE.0000146962.91038.15
[4] Samal SK, et al. Ketorolac salt is a newly discovered DDX3 inhibitor to treat oral cancer. Sci Rep. 2015 Apr 28;5:9982. DOI:10.1038/srep09982