Quinacrine (hydrochloride hydrate)

Quinacrine is an acridine compound with diverse biological activities that has also been used as a stain for DNA and RNA in fixed cells and for fluorescent tracking of acidic vesicles, such as lysosomes, in live cells.1,2,3,4 It has anti-protozoal properties, potently prevents misfolding of prion protein (EC50 = 0.3 μM), blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels (IC50 = 3.3 μM), and inhibits aldehyde oxidase (IC50 = 3.3 μM).1,2,3,4 Quinacrine is also an effective riboflavin antagonist, associating with the riboflavin-binding protein (Ki = 6.7 μM), and an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (EC50 = 14.4 μM).5,6 At much higher doses, quinacrine inhibits phospholipase A2 activity.7,8 Quinacrine binds to nucleic acids and has been used in fixed cells to stain DNA and RNA with excitation/emission maxima of 436/525 nm, respectively.9 In live cells, it is taken up into acidic vesicles, such as lysosomes, and can be used to for long-term imaging with an excitation of 458 nm and emission in the 470-580 nm range.10WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

[1] P UPCROFT  J A U. Drug targets and mechanisms of resistance in the anaerobic protozoa.[J]. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2001, 14 1: 150-164. DOI: 10.1128/cmr.14.1.150-164.2001
[2] MARTIN VOGTHERR. Antimalarial Drug Quinacrine Binds to C-Terminal Helix of Cellular Prion Protein[J]. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2003, 46 17: 3563-3564. DOI: 10.1021/jm034093h
[3] E. T. MCNEAL. ChemInform Abstract: (3H)BATRACHOTOXININ A 20α-BENZOATE BINDING TO VOLTAGE-SENSITIVE SODIUM CHANNELS: A RAPID AND QUANITATIVE ASSAY FOR LOCAL ANESTHETIC ACTIVITY IN A VARIETY OF DRUGS[J]. ChemInform, 1985, 16 32. DOI: 10.1002/chin.198532382
[4] DAVID C. PRYDE*. Aldehyde Oxidase: An Enzyme of Emerging Importance in Drug Discovery[J]. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2010, 53 24: 8441-8460. DOI: 10.1021/jm100888d
[5] ANNA PLANTINGA,  Kumar Sinniah*. Bioanalytical Screening of Riboflavin Antagonists for Targeted Drug Delivery—A Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study[J]. ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011, 2 5: 363-367. DOI: 10.1021/ml100296z
[6] F TIBERGHIEN  F L. Ranking of P-glycoprotein substrates and inhibitors by a calcein-AM fluorometry screening assay.[J]. Anti-Cancer Drugs, 1996, 7 5: 568-578. DOI: 10.1097/00001813-199607000-00012
[7] AKHLAQ A FAROOQUI L A H Wei Yi Ong. Inhibitors of brain phospholipase A2 activity: their neuropharmacological effects and therapeutic importance for the treatment of neurologic disorders.[J]. Pharmacological Reviews, 2006, 58 3: 591-620. DOI: 10.1124/pr.58.3.7
[8] ANDRES A CARO  Arthur I C. Role of phospholipase A2 activation and calcium in CYP2E1-dependent toxicity in HepG2 cells.[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2003, 278 36: 33866-33877. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m300408200
[9] PALLAB B. Supplementary Table 2.3.xls[C]. 2015: 0. DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1604903.v1
[10] AGNIESZKA PIERZYŃSKA-MACH  Jurek W D  Paweł A Janowski. Evaluation of acridine orange, LysoTracker Red, and quinacrine as fluorescent probes for long-term tracking of acidic vesicles[J]. Cytometry Part A, 2014, 85 8: 729-737. DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22495