CXCL9 (74-103) (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) (74-103) is a C-terminal fragment of mature CXCL9.1 It binds to the glycosaminoglycan heparin in a cell-free assay (Kd = 3.1 nM).2 CXCL9 (74-103) inhibits the binding of CXCL8 or CXCL11 to heparin, as well as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) binding to heparan sulfate, in a concentration-dependent manner.1 Unlike full-length CXCL9, CXCL9 (74-103) does not increase intracellular calcium levels in CHO cells expressing human CXC receptor 3 (CXCR3). CXCL9 (74-103) reduces the cytopathogenic effect of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in HeLa cells, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in human embryonic lung (HEL) cells, and dengue virus serotype 2 in HMEC-1 cells (EC50s = 23, 15, and 11 µM, respectively).2 It inhibits CXCL8 (1-77)- or monosodium urate-induced neutrophil extravasation to the tibiofemoral articulation in mouse models of acute inflammation or gout, respectively, when administered at a dose of 100 µg/animal.1 CXCL9 (74-103) increases survival and decreases liver neutrophil infiltration and necrosis in a mouse model of liver injury induced by acetaminophen (Item No. 10024).3 Intravenous administration of CXCL9 (74-103) (100 µl of a 1 mg/ml solution) decreases bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophil infiltration and IL-1β levels, but does not reduce lung bacterial burden, in a mouse model of K. pneumoniae-induced pneumonia.4WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

[1] VINCENT VANHEULE. The Positively Charged COOH-terminal Glycosaminoglycan-binding CXCL9(74-103) Peptide Inhibits CXCL8-induced Neutrophil Extravasation and Monosodium Urate Crystal-induced Gout in Mice.[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2015: 21292-21304. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.649855
[2] VINCENT VANHEULE . Basic chemokine-derived glycosaminoglycan binding peptides exert antiviral properties against dengue virus serotype 2, herpes simplex virus-1 and respiratory syncytial virus[J]. Biochemical pharmacology, 2016, 100: Pages 73-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.001
[3] PEDRO E. MARQUES. Inhibition of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Mice Using a Positively Charged Peptide That Binds DNA[J]. Hepatology Communications, 2021, 5 10: 1737-1754. DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1759
[4] D. BOFF. The Therapeutic Treatment with the GAG-Binding Chemokine Fragment CXCL9(74–103) Attenuates Neutrophilic Inflammation and Lung Dysfunction during Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in Mice[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116246