Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-[4-[[3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl]oxy]-1,4-dioxobutyl]-ω-methoxy-Polymer

DL-α-Tocopherol methoxypolyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS-750-M), a biodegradable and water-soluble derivative of natural vitamin E, is used as an environmentally benign nonionic surfactant in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in water. It is used in Heck, Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, and Negishi like couplings reactions. It can also be utilized in aminations, C-H activations, and olefin metathesis reactions.
TPGS-750-M can also be employed in:

• The nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of aryl and heteroaryl halides with nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur nucleophiles under mild conditions.
• The preparation of quinoxaline-2,3 diones from quinoxalinones via C(sp²)-H hydroxylation reaction.
• The intramolecular N-arylation of amines using a copper catalyst.

Second generation amphiphile which forms micelles upon dissolution in water allowing a variety of cross-coupling reactions to take place in water instead of organic solvent.

Included among the possible reactions are:

• Olefin metathesis
• Pd-catalyzed cross coupling reactions including Heck, Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira and Buchwald-Hartwig reactions
• C-H activation reactions

Second generation amphiphile for cross-coupling reactions in water

This product TPGS-750-M is a lead surfactant for many transition metal-catalyzed cross-couplings and has been enhanced for catalytic efficiency.