AMPK is a heterotrimer protein kinase consisting of a α catalytic subunit, and non-catalytic β and γ subunits. AMPK is an important energy-sensing enzyme that monitors cellular energy status. In response to cellular metabolic stresses, AMPK is activated and phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), key enzymes involved in regulating biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol.
