RING-box protein 1 is an essential component of two distinct but structurally related E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, the SCF complex and the CBC complex. RBX1 mediates the neddylation of CUL1, which activates SCF E3 ligase by facilitating the ubiquitin transfer from E2 to substrates. The RING finger domain of RBX1 is required for ubiquitin ligation. Two evolutionarily conserved mammalian RBX family members, RBX1/ROC1 and RBX2/ROC2/SAG, have been identified. RBX1 is constitutively expressed and binds to CUL2/VHL, while stress-inducible RBX2 binds to CUL5/SOCS.
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