The enzyme glutamate decarboxylase is responsible for the synthesis of the essential neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. GAD1 and GAD2 are expressed in nervous and endocrine systems and are thought to be involved in synaptic transmission and insulin secretion, respectively. Autoantibodies against GAD2 may serve as markers for type I diabetes. Many individuals suffering from an adult onset disorder known as Stiff Person Syndrome also express autoantibodies to GAD2.
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