Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1-8) are G protein-coupled receptors that function to modulate brain excitatory signaling via presynaptic, postsynaptic, and glial mechanisms. DL-AP3 is a competitive mGluR1 antagonist that demonstrates a Ki value of 298 μM and an IC50 value of 1mM for rat mGluR1α when challenged with glutamate. DL-AP3 can antagonize excitatory amino acid-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis, induce Ca2+ mobilization in rat hippocampal slices, and inhibit phosphoserine phosphatase in rat brain cortex. At concentrations from 10-300 μM DL-AP3 has been used to characterize the role of mGluR in long-term potentiation in the hippocampus in a model of learning and memory, the release of glutamate in Parkinson’s disease, and the increased activity of mGluR implicated in fragile X syndrome.
DL-2-Amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (AP3) is an inhibitor of phosphoserine phosphatase and mGluR. Also known as the antagonist of a receptor that is coupled to phosphoinositide metabolism in brain slices. D,L-2-Amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid is also an inhibitor of metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat brain.
ChEBI: 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid is a non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group. It has a role as a metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist and a human metabolite. It is a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid, a member of phosphonic acids and an alanine derivative.
