Di[3-deoxy-D-Manno-octulosonyl]-lipid A (aMMoniuM salt)

Kdo2-Lipid A (KLA) is a nearly homogeneous Re lipopolysaccharide (LPS) substracture with endotoxin activity equal to tha of native LPS. KLA is comparable to LPS and its activity is reduced by >10^3 in cells fro TLR-4 deficient mice.

Kdo2-Lipid A (KLA) has been used:

• as a toll like receptor (TLR) ligand source in immortalized murine macrophage culture media
• in ²H-,¹³C-,¹⁵N-labeled OprHΔL1ΔL4 in 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) micelles, to determine the specific residues of OprHΔL1ΔL4 interacting with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) source
• as a component of LPS stock to study its role in lipopolysaccharide induced prion protein conversion

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo2-Lipid A) is the essential component of lipopolysaccharide in most Gram-negative bacteria and the minimal structural component to sustain bacterial viability. It serves as the active component of lipopolysaccharide to stimulate potent host immune responses through the complex of Toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2). Therefore, Kdo2-lipid A is an important stimulator for studying the mechanism of the innate immune system and for developing bacterial vaccine adjuvants. Kdo2 Lipid A/TLR4 antagonists can also be applied in anti-inflammatory interventions. Kdo2-lipid A, induces de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis in RAW264.7 macrophages, which is essential for induction of autophagy. Kdo2-Lipid A has been used in animal atherosclerosis model.

Kdo2-Lipid A might be useful to stimulate inflammatory response.