Citrullinated histone H3 (R2 + R8 + R17) (2-22)-biotin peptide is a biotinylated version of tri-citrullinated histone H3, a nuclear protein that interacts with linker DNA regions between nucleosomes to provide nucleosome core structure stabilization.1 Histone H3 is subject to citrullination by protein-arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) at arginine 2 (R2), R8, and R17 during neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis).2 Citrullination of histone H3 at these residues reduces the positive charge of histone H3 and leads to decondensed chromatin, which is expelled into the extracellular space when the neutrophil membrane ruptures.3,2 Increased serum levels of histone H3 citrullinated at R2, R8, and R17 have been found in patients with asthma and in septic shock patients where they are positively associated with a sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and poor survival.4,5 Sputum levels of histone H3 citrullinated at R2, R8, and R17 are increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, as well as in individuals identified as at risk for developing rheumatoid arthritis based on their seropositivity for IgA anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs).6 Cayman’s Citrullinated Histone H3 (R2 + R8 + R17) (2-22)-biotin Peptide is intended for use in the detection of autoantibodies against histone H3 citrullinated at R2, R8, and R17.WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.
