Thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) is a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase and part of the antioxidant thioredoxin system that is involved in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis.1 It is ubiquitously expressed, with the highest levels of expression in metabolically active tissues such as the heart, skeletal muscle, testis, kidney, adrenal gland, and brain, and is localized to the mitochondria.2,3 Trx2 contains two active site cysteine residues, but lacks the additional structural cysteines present in Trx1 that participate in dimerization.4 During the catalytic cycle, the active site cysteines are oxidized to a disulfide upon reduction of oxidized protein disulfide substrates and are subsequently restored to their reduced state by thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and NADPH.1 Trx2 is upregulated by TNF-α and reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation, and inhibits apoptosis through redox-sensitive binding and regulation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1).5,6 Homozygous disruption of the gene encoding Trx2, Txn2, causes exencephaly and is embryonic lethal in mice.7 Trx2 deficiency is associated with premature neurodegeneration.8 Cayman’s Thioredoxin 2 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Clone 054) can be used for immunohistochemistry (IHC).WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.
