Sonepiprazole is a selective antagonist of the dopamine 4 (D4) receptor (Kis = 10 nM). It is highly selective over D1, D2, and D3 receptors, serotonin 1A and 2 receptors, as well as α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors (Kis > 2,000 nM). Its safety profile in rat studies is improved in comparison to classical antipsychotics but it is not effective for positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia in patients. In a pharmacological model of stress exposure in rhesus monkeys, sonepiprazole reverses stress-induced cognitive deficits.