4H-Dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol, 5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-6-methyl-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:), (6aR)-

(?)-Apomorphine is a non-selective dopamine receptor agonist that exhibits pK_i values of 6.43, 7.08, 7.59, 8.36, and 7.83 for human recombinant D₁, D₂L, D₃, D₄, and D₅ receptors, respectively.^1,2 It produces biphasic effects on locomotor activity and displays anti-parkinsonian and neuroprotective actions.^1,3,4

1. Millan, M.J., Maiofiss, L., Cussac, D., et al. Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 303(2),791-804(2002).
2. Seeman, P., Grigoriadis, D.E., and Niznik, H.B. Selectivity of agonists and antagonists at D₂ dopamine receptors compared to D₁ and S2 receptors Drug Dev. Res. 9,63-69(1986).
3. Newman-Tancredi, A., Cussac, D., Audinot, V., et al. Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. II. Agonist and antagonist properties at subtypes of dopamine D₂-like receptor and α1/α₂-adrenoceptor J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 303(2),805-814(2002).
4. Schechter, M.D., Rosecrans, J.A., and Glennon, R.A. Comparison of behavioral effects of cathinone, amphetamine and apomorphine Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 20(2),181-184(1984).