Pam2CSK4 trifluoroacetate salt

Pam2CSK4 is a synthetic bacterial lipopeptide and an agonist of the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2).1 It is selective for the TLR2/TLR6 heterodimer over TLR2/TLR1 (EC50s = 0.015 and 4.12 ng/ml, respectively, in reporter assays using human receptors). Pam2CSK4 increases the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 macrophages when used at a concentration of 100 ng/ml.2 It stimulates osteoclast formation, induces gingival inflammation, and decreases alveolar bone mass in a mouse model of periodontitis when administered at a dose of 5 µg/animal.3 Pam2CSK4 (10 µg/vaccine), when used as an adjuvant, reduces parasite burden and enhances the response to antigen, as measured by IgG levels, in a mouse model of lymphatic filariasis induced by B. malayi.4WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

[1] KATHERINE LUCY IRVINE. The molecular basis for recognition of bacterial ligands at equine TLR2, TLR1 and TLR6.[J]. Veterinary Research, 2013, 44: 50. DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-50
[2] PANTHONG KULSANTIWONG. Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4 induce iNOS expression via TBK1 and MyD88 molecules in mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7.[J]. Inflammation Research, 2017, 66 10: 843-853. DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1063-1
[3] JOÃO ANTONIO CHAVES DE SOUZA. Pam2CSK4 (TLR2 agonist) induces periodontal destruction in mice.[J]. Brazilian Oral Research, 2020, 34: e012. DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0012
[4] ALICE HALLIDAY. The TLR2/6 ligand PAM2CSK4 is a Th2 polarizing adjuvant in Leishmania major and Brugia malayi murine vaccine models.[J]. Parasites & Vectors, 2016, 9 1: 96. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1381-0