Down-regulator of transcription 1, also known as negative cofactor 2-β, forms a heterodimer with DR1 associated protein 1/NC2-α and acts as a negative regulator of RNA polymerase II and III transcription. DR1 activity is thought to be important for modulating the switch between basal transcription activity and transcription activator driven transcription. DR1 interaction with TATA binding protein blocks the association of general transcription factors TFIIA and TFIIB with TBP and disrupts the formation of the RNAPII transcription initiation complex. RNAPIII driven transcription is also inhibited by DR1 interaction with TBP. DR1 disrupts the interaction of TBP with the TFIIB related factor/RNAPIII B-related factor, inhibiting transcription initiation by the RNAPIII machinery.
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