A muscarinic receptor used as nootropic agent.
guvacoline is a kind of natural alkaloid which is found in areca nuts that is related to the nootropic, arecoline. guvacoline can function as a full agonist of atrial and ileal muscarinic receptors.in vitro: in human buccal epithelial cells, guvacoline could significantly decrease the colony-formation efficiency in a dose dependent manner, with the ic50 value of 2.1 mm. besides, guvacoline could also dose-dependently reduce the amount of total free low-molecular-weight thiols (0.88 mm guvacoline caused 25% decrease) and increase the number of single strand breaks [1].
atrial and ileal muscarinic receptors
2.1 mm for growth inhibition of human buccal epithelial cells
[1] k. sundqvist, y. liu, j. nair, et al. cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of areca nut-related compounds in cultured human buccal epithelial cells. cancer research 49(19), 5294-5298 (1989).
