Synaptogyrin, or SYNGR, are a family of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, including neuronal SYNGR1 and SYNGR3 that are found in synaptic vesicles and contribute to the proper synapse function. Synaptogyrin-2 expresses ubiquitously and it is not only associated with synaptic vesicles, but also plays an important role in exocytosis processes. In addition, it has been shown that SYNGRs modulate calcium currents in excitable cells during potassium chloride-dependent exocytosis. SYNGR3 and SYNGR1 specifically localize in synaptic vesicles. SYNGR1 modulates synaptic vesicle function similar to SYNGR3. SYNGR1 and SYNGR3 contribute to the neurotransmitter release in neurons by interactions with the GABA and VGLUT transporters in primary neurons and in C. elegans. SYNGRs are associated with disease including Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.
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