Lipid A molecules compose the lipid membrane anchoring core components of endotoxins produced by Gram-negative bacteria. Lipid A molecules induce immune responses. Structually, lipid A molecules are composed of two glucosamine units with varied, species dependent, fatty acyl chain numbers and identity and degree of phosphorylation.
Lipid A, monophosphoryl from Salmonella enterica serotype minnesota Re 595 may be used in comparative assessment of the antigenicity of specific structures within different LPA molecules and analogues.
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A moiety stimulate cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which recognizes common pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMPs).
