Coagulation Factor X is a vitamin K-dependent plasma serine protease involved in the intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathways of the blood coagulation cascade.1,2 It is composed of an N-terminal light chain that contains a signal sequence, a propeptide, carboxylated glutamic acid residues (Gla domain), and two EGF domains and a C-terminal heavy chain that contains the activation peptide and a chymotrypsin-like catalytic domain.1 Factor X is produced as an inactive precursor, which is activated to Factor Xa following signal peptide cleavage, glycosylation, and further cleavage by the Factor VIIIa-IXa or tissue factor-FVIIa complexes of the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways, respectively. Factor Xa, in complex with Factor Va, converts prothrombin to thrombin. Factor Xa also cleaves severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein, also known as surface glycoprotein, and prevents SARS-CoV-2 viral entry in vitro, and Factor X levels are increased in the lungs of patients with COVID-19.3 Knockout of F10, the gene encoding Factor X, in mice induces embryonic lethality and fatal internal bleeding of surviving neonates.4 Mutations in F10 result in Factor X deficiency, a rare bleeding disorder characterized by CNS and gastrointestinal bleeding, as well as hemarthroses and hematomas.1 Cayman’s Coagulation Factor X (human, recombinant) protein consists of 468 amino acids, has a calculated molecular weight of 52.8 kDa, and a predicted N-terminus of Asn32 after signal peptide cleavage. By SDS-PAGE, under reducing conditions, the apparent molecular masses are 48 and 22 kDa, corresponding to the cleaved heavy and light chains, respectively, due to glycosylation.WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.
