Podophyllotoxin-d6

Podophyllotoxin-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of podophyllotoxin (Item No. 19575) and picropodophyllotoxin (Item No. 17329) by GC- or LC-MS. Podophyllotoxin is a lignan that has been found in Podophyllum and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4,5 It inhibits polymerization of isolated chicken brain tubulin (IC50 = 0.6 µM) and induces mitotic arrest at the G2/M phase in CCRF CEM lymphoblastic leukemia cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 5 µg/ml.2,3 Podophyllotoxin (5 µM) is protective against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection in Vero cells.4 It inhibits the proliferation of several diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines (IC50s = 0.0098-0.017 µM).5 Podophyllotoxin is a starting material in the semisynthesis of the anticancer compounds etoposide (Item No. 12092) and teniposide (Item No. 14425).6 Formulations containing podophyllotoxin have been used in the treatment of external genital warts.WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

[1] IMBERT T F. Discovery of podophyllotoxins[J]. Biochimie, 1998, 80 3: Pages 207-222. DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(98)80004-7
[2] J D LOIKE. Structure-activity study of the inhibition of microtubule assembly in vitro by podophyllotoxin and its congeners.[J]. Cancer research, 1978, 38 9: 2688-2693.
[3] A KRISHAN  E F  K Paika. Cytofluorometric studies on the action of podophyllotoxin and epipodophyllotoxins (VM-26, VP-16-213) on the cell cycle traverse of human lymphoblasts.[J]. Journal of Cell Biology, 1975, 66 3: 521-530. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.66.3.521
[4] T R HAMMONDS. Studies to show that with podophyllotoxin the early replicative stages of herpes simplex virus type 1 depend upon functional cytoplasmic microtubules.[J]. Journal of medical microbiology, 1996, 45 3: 167-172. DOI: 10.1099/00222615-45-3-167
[5] THOMAS STRÖMBERG. Picropodophyllin inhibits proliferation and survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells.[J]. Medical Oncology, 2015, 32 7: 188. DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0630-y
[6] HUI XU  Xuan T  Min Lv. A review on hemisynthesis, biosynthesis, biological activities, mode of action, and structure-activity relationship of podophyllotoxins: 2003-2007.[J]. Current medicinal chemistry, 2009, 16 3: 327-349. DOI: 10.2174/092986709787002682