Fenretinide-d4

Fenretinide is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of fenretinide by GC- or LC-MS. Fenretinide is a synthetic derivative of retinoic acid and an inhibitor of dihydroceramide desaturase (IC₅₀ = 2.32 μM). It promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the degradation of anti-apoptotic MCL-1, and the cleavage of pro-apoptotic PKCδ. At 5-20 μM, fenretinide selectively activates retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ) and is reported to inhibit the growth of Caov-3, OVCAR-3, and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells with IC₅₀ values of 3.7, 6.9, and 8.2 μM, respectively. It also increases activity of serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT) by 1.75-fold and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in BMEC cells (IC₅₀ = 2.4 μM). Fenretinide prevents lipid-induced reductions in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in isolated rat soleus muscle. In vivo, fenretinide (10 mg/ml in drinking water) reduces liver and soleus muscle neutral lipid content and inhibits high-fat diet-induced increases in dihydroceramide desaturase transcription.