Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) binds to four receptor subtypes: EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, which are all membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).1,2,3 The EP4 receptor was originally classified as the EP2 receptor but was not activated by the EP2 agonist butaprost (Item Nos. 13740 | 13741) and was later found to be a distinct receptor with sequence differences.4,5 It is expressed in many tissues, including the intestine, heart, kidney, lungs, and brain, and is also expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes and macrophages.3 The EP4 receptor is coupled to Gαs, and its activation increases intracellular cAMP levels, leading to tissue-specific effects. It induces smooth muscle relaxation, angiogenesis, T cell expansion, osteoblast differentiation, and bone resorption and inhibits TNF-α production in monocytes and macrophages, among other activities. PTGER4, the gene encoding the EP4 receptor, is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, and antagonism of the receptor in animal models inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis.6 In contrast, EP4 receptor activation has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities in vitro and in animal models.7,8 Cayman’s EP4 Receptor (C-Term) Polyclonal PE Antibody can be used for flow cytometry (FC) and immunofluorescence (IF) applications.WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.
