Harzianopyridone is a natural inhibitor of mitochondrial complex II (succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase). It also inhibits the NADH-fumarate reductase activity of fungal mitochondria and the quinol-fumarate reductase activity of anaerobic parasite mitochondria. Harzianopyridone has potent antibiotic activities and its synthesis by the fungus Trichoderma is stimulated by co-culture with viable or nonviable pathogens.