메타크릴 산

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H311：피부와 접촉하면 유독함

  H314：피부에 심한 화상과 눈에 손상을 일으킴

  H335：호흡 자극성을 일으킬 수 있음

• 예방조치문구

  P261：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이의 흡입을 피하시오.

  P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

  P301+P312：삼켜서 불편함을 느끼면 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오.

  P303+P361+P353：피부(또는 머리카락)에 묻으면 오염된 모든 의복은 벗거나 제거하시오 피부를 물로 씻으시오/샤워하시오.

  P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

메타크릴 산 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  구조상 α -메틸아크랄산으로서, methyl과 acrylic acid의 합성어. 녹는점 16℃, 끓는점 160.5℃, 비중 1.0128(20℃)의 자극적이고 특이한 냄새가 있는 무색의 주상결정이다.

• 용도

  메타크릴산에스테르의 중합체는 광투과성 이 크고 유기유리로서 널리 쓰인다.

• 개요

  Methacrylic acid, abbreviated MAA, is an organic compound. This colourless, viscous liquid is a carboxylic acid with an acrid unpleasant odor. It is soluble in warm water and miscible with most organic solvents. Methacrylic acid is produced industrially on a large scale as a precursor to its esters, especially methyl methacrylate (MMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The methacrylates have numerous uses, most notably in the manufacture of polymers with trade names such as Lucite and Plexiglas. MAA occurs naturally in small amounts in the oil of Roman chamomile.

• 화학적 성질

  Methacrylic acid is is a colorless, moderately volatile, corrosive liquid with a strongly acrid odor. It was first prepared in 1865 from ethyl methacrylate, in turn obtained by dehydration of ethyl α-hydroxyisobutyrate.

• 용도

  Methacrylic acid is used in the manufacture of methacrylate resins and plastics. It is used as Monomer for large-volume resins and polymers, organic synthesis. Many of the polymers are based on esters of the acid, as the methyl, butyl, or isobutyl esters. Methacrylic acid and methacrylate esters are used to prepare a wide range of polymers [→ Polyacrylamides and Poly(Acrylic Acids), → Polymethacrylates]. Poly(methyl methacrylate) is the primary polymer in this category, and it provides water-clear, tough plastics that are used in sheet form in glazing, signs, displays, and lighting panels.

• 제조 방법

  The most common route for the preparation of methacrylic acid is from acetone as follows:
  

  

  
  In a typical process, acetone is treated with hydrogen cyanide at 140??C in the presence of ammonia as catalyst. The acetone cyanohydrin produced is treated with concentrated sulphuric acid at 100??C to form methacrylamide sulphate. This intermediate is not isolated but is directly converted to methacrylic acid by treatment with water at about 90??C.
  A competitive route now in commercial operation involves the two stage oxidation of isobutene with air. The reaction proceeds via methacrolein:
  

  

• 생산 방법

  The most common approach to methacrylic acid synthesis is the hydrolysis of methacrylamide sulfate, obtained from acetone cyanohydrin. Methyl methacrylate may be prepared directly in a similar way by adding methanol in the final reaction step.
  In the manufacture of methacrylic acid, methacrylamide sulfate is reacted with water under conditions similar to those used for formation of the ester. The reactor effluent separates into two phases. The upper organic layer is distilled to provide pure methacrylic acid. The lower layer is steam stripped to recover dilute aqueous methacrylic acid, which is recycled to the hydrolysis reactor. The waste acid stream is treated as in the manufacture of the ester.

• 정의

  ChEBI: Methacrylic acid is an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group. It is functionally related to an acrylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a methacrylate.

• 일반 설명

  Methacrylic acid appears as a clear colorless liquid (or low-melting solid) with a pungent odor. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Flash point 170°F. Melting point 61°F. May polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated. If the polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may rupture violently. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Used to make plastics.

• 공기와 물의 반응

  Soluble in water.

• 반응 프로필

  Methacrylic acid reacts with strong oxidizing agents. Presents a storage hazard: violent exothermic polymerizations leading to explosion can occur spontaneously, particularly at low inhibitor or stabilizer concentrations [Anon., CISHC Chem. Safety Summ., 1979, 50, p. 34; Bond, J., Loss Prev. Bull., 1991, 101, p. 1].

• 건강위험

  Methacrylic acid is a highly corrosive liquid.Contact with eyes can result in blindness.Skin contact may produce burns. No inhalation toxicity was observed in rats. Exposureto its vapors may produce skin and eye irritation, which can be mild to moderate. Adermal LD50 value in rabbits is 500 mg/kg.

• 화재위험

  Combustible liquid; flash point (open cup) 76°C (170°F); vapor pressure <0.1 torr at 20°C (68°F). Fire-extinguishing agent: water spray, “alcohol” foam, dry chemical, or CO2; use a water spray to dilute and flush the spill and to disperse the vapors.
  Methacrylic acid polymerizes readily. The reaction is exothermic. The rate of reaction accelerates on heating, which may result in violent rupture of closed containers. The polymerization may be inhibited with a trace quantity of hydroquinone and hydroquinone monomethyl ether (Aldrich 2006). The acid may be stored safely below its melting point.

• Safety Profile

  Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact. Corrosive to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Mutation data reported. Flammable when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. A storage hazard; exothermic polymerization may occur spontaneously. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, spray, mist, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

• 잠재적 노출

  Methacrylic acid is used in preparation of methacrylates and carboxylated polymers; in the production of the material or its alkyl esters, as monomers or comonomers for synthetic resins for the production of plastic sheets, moldings, and fibers.

• Carcinogenicity

  Methacrylic acid was considered by the IARC Working Groups, but monographs were not prepared because adequate data on its carcinogenicity were not available. The IUCLID database reports a dermal application study (dose unspecified) of mice treated three times per week for 4 months and then observed for their lifetimes. No excess dermal tumors were observed.

• 운송 방법

  UN2531 Methacrylic acid, stabilized, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.

• Purification Methods

  Aqueous methacrylic acid (90%) is saturated with NaCl (to remove the bulk of the water), then the organic phase is dried with CaCl2 and distilled under vacuum. Polymerisation inhibitors should be added to the distillate and include 0.25% p-methoxyphenol, 0.1% hydroquinone, or 0.05% N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine. [Beilstein 2 IV 1518.]

• 비 호환성

  Vapor may form explosive mixture with air. A reducing agent; incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Aqueous solution is strongly acidic: incompatible with strong acids; caustics, ammonia, amines, isocyanates, alkylene oxides; epichlorohydrin. Will polymerize readily from heating above 59F/15C, or due to the presence of light, oxidizers (e.g., peroxides); or in the presence of traces of hydrochloric acid, with fire or explosion hazard. Attacks metals. Note: Typically contains 100 ppm of monomethyl ether hydroquinone (150-76-5) as an inhibitor to prevent polymerization

• 폐기물 처리

  Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

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