FEMA 2795

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Warning

• 유해·위험 문구

  H317：알레르기성 피부 반응을 일으킬 수 있음

• 예방조치문구

  P261：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이의 흡입을 피하시오.

  P272：작업장 밖으로 오염된 의복을 반출하지 마시오.

  P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

  P302+P352：피부에 묻으면 다량의 물로 씻으시오.

  P321：(…) 처치를 하시오.

  P333+P313：피부자극성 또는 홍반이 나타나면 의학적인 조치·조언를 구하시오.

  P363：다시 사용전 오염된 의류는 세척하시오.

  P501：...에 내용물 / 용기를 폐기 하시오.

FEMA 2795 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  Various lichens belonging to the class Cryptogamia; they grow under cool, damp conditions on the trunks and branches of trees such as oak and fir. The lichens are used to prepare resinoids and concrete and absolute essences for a total yearly consumption of approximately 70 tons.
  E. prunastri, the true oak moss, grows on the trunks and branches of oak trees. Like all ascolichens, the moss reproduces by fragmentation of soredia and grows by symbiosis yielding an erect, bushy, vegetative form. Other related lichen-E. furfuracea and Usnea barbata-that grow on spruces and firs are known by the more generic name of tree moss. Oak moss derivatives are light green and exhibit a rich odor, while tree moss derivatives have a grayish-green color and a slight resinous odor. E. prunastri yields the most valuable extraction products, while other tree mosses yield products of inferior quality. Oak moss is harvested mainly in France, Yugoslavia, Italy, Morocco, and Hungary. The harvested moss is pressed into bails and shipped to the extractive sites. The part used is the lichen. Oak moss has a delicate, pleasant, green, moss-like odor.
  An essential oil can be obtained by steam distillation of the lichen; however, this product is of little commercial importance because of the very low yields (0.07%). Usually oak moss concrete and oak moss absolute are steam distilled, preferably under reduced pressure. Main constituents of the ether-extracted concrete include evernic acid, orcinol, phenols, acids (formic, acetic, stearic, palmitic, and oleic), α- and P-thujone, camphor, bomeol, cineol, naphthalene, ketones, terpene alcohols, and traces of vanillin.
  .

• 화학적 성질

  Tree moss concretes and absolutes are prepared from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (syn. Evernia furfuracea (L.) Mann; Parmelia furfuracea (L.) Arch.), a lichen growing on barks of Pinaceae, for example, on Cedrus species in Morocco. Their odors are different from those of the corresponding oakmoss products.
  The extracts and absolutes are used in perfumery for nuances and as a fixative to give compositions a dry, sweet base note, for example, in fougére and chypre perfumes. Allergenic responses to oakmoss and tree moss products are probably caused by aromatic aldehydes such as atranorin and chloroatranorin and the corresponding products formed during the workup process as a result of transesterification and decarboxylation reactions, for example, ethyl hemmatomate, ethyl chlorohemmatomate, atranol, and chloroatranol.
  Methods to obtain oakmoss and treemoss products of low allergenic properties have been reported. Treemoss extracts may also contain constituents that possibly cause allergenic reactions. As tree moss grows on conifers, it may be contaminated with some conifer rosin. This rosin usually contains resinic acids (abietic acid and similar constituents), which are known to be allergenic substances. Tree moss products free of these resinic acids can be obtained by treatment with selected solvents.

• 물리적 성질

  The absolute is a dark-green liquid.

• 출처

  Found in the lichen, E. prunastri (L.) Ach. (Fam. Usneaceae), which occurs on the trunks of oak trees (Guenther, 1952; Naves, 1974).

• 용도

  Oak moss absolute is an extract of oak moss. Extract made mainly from Evernia prunastri (oak moss) and Pseudevernia furfuracea (tree moss). Oak moss concrete is prepared by hydrocarbon solvent extraction of the lichen Evernia Prunastri, collected mainly from oak trees in Yugoslavia, France, Italy, Corsica, Morocco, Hungary, and various central European countries. Contains atranorin, evernic acid and usnic acid.

• 제조 방법

  By solvent extraction of E. prunastri; the solvent is evaporated and removed, usually under vacuum, and the resultant product is normally dispersed in benzyl benzoate or a similar diluent to facilitate handling. Commercially available oakmoss preparations are frequently compounded products (Chatelain, 1953).

• Essential oil composition

  Extract of lichen contains camphor, α- and β-thujone, depsides, orcinol, sparassol, atranol, divarine and other monaryl derivatives of depsides.

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