석면

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H350：암을 일으킬 수 있음 (노출되어도 암을 일으키지 않는다는 결정적인 증거가 있는 노출경로가 있다면 노출경로 기재)

석면 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  Asbestos is a fibrous silicate of magnesium and calcium. However, the “extender”, known as “asbestine”, that has come to the forefront in paint making, is really a ring silicate of magnesia and slightly alkaline, but without the fibrous texture of asbestos or amianth. Asbestine pulp (as a certain variety of the material mined at the foot of the Adirondack mountains is known to the trade), although it is sold in the dry powdered form, belongs really to the soapstone or talc variety. But it is not as unctuous as either of those, has a harder texture, and is of whiter color than either soapstone or talc.

• 화학적 성질

  TREMOLITE, the mineral tremolite is a calciummagnesium silicate corresponding to the formula Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2, belonging to the amphibole group. The replacement of magnesium by ferrous iron causes tremolite to approach actinolite in composition. Tremolite is monoclinic, developing bladed prismatic crystals, but it is frequently found in compact columnar, granular, or fibrous masses. The perfect prismatic cleavage at angles of 56° and 124° typical of this group is to be noted; hardness, 5–6; specific gravity, 2.9–3.1; luster, vitreous to silky; color, varies from white or whitish-gray through shades of green or greenish-yellow; transparent to opaque. Tremolite is formed as a result of contact metamorphism and occurs in marbles, dolomites, and schists. It may alter to talc.

• 물리적 성질

  White or greenish (chrysotile), Blue (crocidolite), or gray-green (amosite) fibrous, odorless solids; freezing/ melting point5600 C (Decomposes). Hazard identification (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 2; flammability 0; reactivity 0. Insoluble in water. Asbestos is a generic term that applies to a number of naturally occurring, hydrated mineral silicates incombustible in air and separable into filaments. The most widely used in industry in the United States is chrysotile, a fibrous form of serpentine. Other types include amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite.

• 용도

  Asbestine pulp or asbestine in its various varieties has been used for many years by manufacturers of paints, not so much as an adulterant, but rather to make the paint more buoyant in order to keep it from settling to any extent, as this compound is of very low-specific gravity and a great oil absorber.

• 정의

  A fibrous variety of various rock-forming silicate minerals, such as the amphiboles and chrysotile. It has many uses that employ its properties of heat-resistance and chemical inertness. Prolonged exposure to asbestos dust may cause asbestosis – a form of lung cancer.

• 일반 설명

  Any of a group of impure magnesium silicate minerals that occur as slender, strong, flexible fibers. Colors range from white to gray, green, brown. Resistant to fire and most solvents. Breathing of ASBESTOS dust causes ASBESTOSis and lung cancer. Used as a heat resistant material, in cement, furnace bricks, and in brake linings.

• 공기와 물의 반응

  Insoluble in water.

• 반응 프로필

  ASBESTOS minerals are generally unreactive.

• 위험도

  Inhalation of dust or fine particles is dangerous. Carcinogenic.

• 화재위험

  Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot.

• 공업 용도

  Any of six naturally occurring minerals characterizedby being extremely fibrous (asbestiform),strong, and incombustible. They areutilized in commerce for fire protection; asreinforcing material for tiles, plastics, andcements; for friction materials; and for thousandsof other uses. Because of a great concernover the health effects of asbestos, many countries have promulgated strict regulationsfor its use. The six minerals designated asasbestos also occur in a nonfibrous form. Inaddition, there are many other minerals thatmorphologically mimic asbestos because oftheir fibrous nature.
  The important characteristics of the asbestosminerals that make them unique are theirfibrous form; high strength and surface area;resistance to heat, acids, moisture, and weathering;and good bonding characteristics withmost binders such as resins and cement.
  Asbestos is used for many types of products because of its chemical and thermal stability, high tensile strength, flexibility, low electrical conductivity, and large surface area. Past uses of asbestos, such as sprayed-on insulation, where the fibers may become easily airborne, have been generally abandoned. Asbestos is used predominantly for the construction industry in the form of cement sheets, coatings, pipes, and roofing products. Additional important uses are for reinforcing plastics and tiles, for friction materials, and packings and gaskets.

• Safety Profile

  Confirmed human carcinogen producing lung tumors. Experimental neoplastigenic and tumorigenic data. Human pulmonary system effects by inhalation. Usually at least 4 to 7 years of exposure are required before serious lung damage (fibrosis) results. Mutation data reported. A common air contaminant.

• 잠재적 노출

  Most asbestos is used in the construction industry. Much of it is firmly bonded, i.e., the asbestos is “locked in” in such products as floor tiles, asbestos cements, and roofing felts, and shingles; while the remaining 8% is friable or in powder forms present in insulation materials, asbestos cement powders, and acoustical products. As expected, these latter materials generate more airborne fibers than the firmly bonded products. The asbestos used in nonconstruction industries is utilized in such products as textiles; friction material including brake linings and clutch facings; paper, paints, plastics, roof coatings; floor tiles, and miscellaneous other products. Significant quantities of asbestos fibers appear in rivers and streams draining from areas where asbestos-rock outcroppings are found. Some of these outcroppings are being mined. Asbestos fibers have been found in a number of drinking water supplies, but the health implications of ingesting asbestos are not fully documented. Emissions of asbestos fibers into water and air are known to result from mining and processing of some minerals. Exposure to asbestos fibers may occur throughout urban environments perhaps resulting from asbestos from brake linings and the flaking of sprayed asbestos insulation material. In recent years, much effort has been put into removal of asbestos insulation, particularly from schools and other public buildings where worn or exposed asbestos causes public exposure. Incompatibilities: None

• Carcinogenicity

  Asbestos and all commercial forms of asbestos are known to be human carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans.

• 운송 방법

  UN2212 Blue asbestos (Crocidolite) or Brown asbestos (amosite, mysorite), Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material. UN2590 White asbestos (chrysotile, actinolite, anthophyllite, tremolite), Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material.

• 폐기물 처리

  Asbestos may be recovered from waste asbestos slurries as an alternative to disposal. Landfilling is an option for disposal if carefully controlled.

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