Clindamycin

한글명:Clindamycin

카스 번호18323-44-9

상품명:Clindamycin

CBNumberCB4399999

분자식C18H33ClN2O5S

포뮬러 무게424.98

MOL 파일18323-44-9.mol

화학적 성질

알파	D +214° (chloroform)
끓는 점	134°C (rough estimate)
밀도	1.1184 (rough estimate)
굴절률	1.6100 (estimate)
저장 조건	Store at -20°C
용해도	DMSO:52.5(Max Conc. mg/mL);123.54(Max Conc. mM) DMF:30.0(Max Conc. mg/mL);70.59(Max Conc. mM) Ethanol:52.5(Max Conc. mg/mL);123.54(Max Conc. mM) PBS (pH 7.2):0.2(Max Conc. mg/mL);0.47(Max Conc. mM)
물리적 상태	결정성 고체
산도 계수 (pKa)	7.6(at 25℃)
색상	White to light yellow
BCS Class	1
안정성	흡습성
CAS 데이터베이스	18323-44-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA	L-threo-?-D-galacto-Octopyranoside, methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-[[[(2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl]amino]-1-thio- (18323-44-9)

위험 및 안전 성명

유해 물질 데이터

18323-44-9(Hazardous Substances Data)

독성

LD50 subcutaneous in rat: 2618mg/kg

NFPA 704:

	0
2		0

그림문자(GHS)

Clindamycin 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요
Clindamycin, a derivative of lincomycin, was first isolated from Streptomyces lincolnesis in 1962 and became commercially available in 1966. The name originates from Lincoln, Nebraska, where the organism was first isolated from a soil sample. The parent compound of clindamycin is lincomycin, which is produced by actinomycete, Streptomyces liconelnensis, which belongs to the order of Actinobacteria. It replaced lincomycin use because of its better absorption and clinical spectrum. Lincomycin belongs to the lincosamides, which is a class of antibiotics. The compounds use as antibiotic agents stems from their ability to interfere with the protein synthesis of bacteria. The chemical modification of lincomycin, clindamycin, has proven to be superior to the natural product for clinical applications. Clindamycin is better absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and food does not interfere with its absorption. It is also eight times more active against aerobic gram-positive cocci, and it has proven activity against gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria as well as protozoal organisms like Toxoplasma and Plasmodium species.
용도
Clindamycin is a semi-synthetic analogue of lincomycin, prepared by chloride substitution of the exocyclic sugar hydroxy group. This affords a more hydrophobic compound with improved pharmacodynamics. Like other members of the lincosamide family, clindamycin is a broad spectrum antibiotic with activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoans. Clindamycin acts by binding to the 23S ribosomal subunit, blocking protein synthesis. Clindamycin has been extensively studied with over 8,000 literature citations.
정의
ChEBI: Clindamycin is a carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic. The physiologic effect of clindamycin is by means of Decreased Sebaceous Gland Activity, and Neuromuscular Blockade.
Indications
Clindamycin (Cleocin), 300 to 450 mg/day, is an extremely effective agent for acne.
색상 색인 번호
This lincosanide antibiotic is used in topical form for acne, or systemically has been responsible for exanthematous rashes and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis.
Mechanism of action
Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. The use of clindamycin with macrolides is not recommended since both of them compete for binding sites to the 50S subunit.
Clinical Use
Clindamycin is effective in the treatment of most infections secondary to anaerobes and gram-positive cocci. It can be used for anaerobic pulmonary, intra-abdominal, gynecologic, pelvic, diabetic foot, and decubitus ulcer infections. Another appropriate agent should be added since the majority of these infections are polymicrobial. It can also be used as an alternative agent for patients with severe penicillin allergy. It is also used to treat Clostridium perfringens infection.
Oral preparations of clindamycin and vaginal cream are alternatives to metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Topical solution is used for treatment of acne vulgaris and rosacea.
Clindamycin is extensively metabolized by the liver and the half-life is prolonged in patients with cirrhosis and hepatitis. Dose reductions are recommended in patients with acute liver disease.
부작용
The most commonly observed adverse effect is diarrhea. The reported incidence of C. difficile colitis in patients treated with clindamycin varies from 0.1 to 10%. The syndrome may be fatal. If the patient develops C. difficile colitis, clindamycin should be discontinued and the patient should be treated for C. difficile . Other side effects include rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal distension, anorexia, and transient elevation of liver enzymes. Other less common events, such as fever, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and eosinophilia have been reported.

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