Cefixime

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Warning

• 유해·위험 문구

  H302：삼키면 유해함

  H315：피부에 자극을 일으킴

  H319：눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴

  H335：호흡 자극성을 일으킬 수 있음

• 예방조치문구

  P261：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이의 흡입을 피하시오.

  P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

Cefixime 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  Cefixime is the first orally active third-generation cephalosponn with a true broad spectrum of activity. It is reportedly more effective against Gram-negative bacteria than conventional oral cephems such as cephalexin and cefaclor.

• 화학적 성질

  Cefixime is an oral third generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It was sold under the trade name Suprax in the United States until 2003. The oral suspension form of “Suprax” was re-launched. Cefixime is prescribed for bacterial infections of the chest, ears, urinary tract, and throat (tonsilitis and pharyngitis), and for uncomplicated gonorrhea, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, acute otitis media, and gonococcal urethritis.

• 정의

  ChEBI: A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing vinyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections.

• Antimicrobial activity

  It is active against N. gonorrhoeae, M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae and a wide range of enterobacteria, including most strains of Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Serratia spp. Its antistaphylococcal activity is poor. It is not active against Acinetobacter spp., Ps. aeruginosa or B. fragilis. It is resistant to hydrolysis by common β-lactamases.

• 건강위험

  Exposures to cefi xime may cause side effects that include, but are not limited to, stomach and abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, mild skin rash, headache, fever, urticaria, pruritis, eosinophilia, leucopenia, anaphylaxis, superinfection, hemolytic anemia, dyspepsia, and fl atulence. Also, cefi xime may cause transient elevation of SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, BUN, and creatinine. Reports have indicated that cefi xime is mainly excreted unchanged in the bile and urine

• Pharmacokinetics

  Oral absorption: c. 50%
  C_max 400 mg oral: 4–5.5 mg/L after 4 h
  Plasma half-life: 3-ndash;4 h
  Volume of distribution: 0.1 L/kg
  Plasma protein binding: 60-ndash;70%
  Absorption and distribution
  Oral absorption is slow and incomplete, but is unaffected by aluminum magnesium hydroxide. Penetration into cantharides blister fluid was very slow but exceeded the plasma level. CSF concentrations are poor even in the presence of meningeal inflammation, reaching an average of around 0.22 mg/L in children with meningitis.
  Metabolism and excretion
  It is not metabolized and is excreted unchanged in urine (mainly by glomerular filtration) and in bile, in which concentrations exceeding 100 mg/L have been found. Less than 20% of an oral dose is recovered from the urine over 24 h, falling to less than 5% in patients with severe renal impairment, with a corresponding increase in plasma concentration. It is not removed by peritoneal or hemodialysis.
  

• Clinical Use

  Cefixime has been used successfully in uncomplicated cystitis, upper and lower respiratory tract infections and various other infections. Its failure to provide adequate cover for staphylococci should be noted.

• 부작용

  It is well tolerated, but diarrhea is fairly common and pseudomembranous colitis has been reported. Other side effects common to cephalosporins are occasionally seen.

• 주의 사항

  Users of cefi xime should be careful in health conditions such as neonates, pregnancy, lactation, and renal failure. Users should follow suitable and appropriate health care measures to control superinfection (if it happens during therapy). It is contraindicated in patients with a known allergy to penicillin or any other ingredients of Taximax. Taxim-O is contraindicated in patients with a known allergy to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.

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