요오드화포스포늄

요오드화포스포늄 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 화학적 성질

  large, transparent, colorless crystal(s); tetr; sublimes at room temp; decomposes to PH3 and HI when heated or in presence of alcohol or water; rapid heating causes detonation [MER06]

• 물리적 성질

  Colorless tetragonal crystal; deliquesces; density 2.86 g/cm³; sublimes at ordinary temperatures; vapor pressure 50 torr at 20°C, 760 torr at 61.8°C; melts at 18.5°C under its own vapor pressure; boils at 80°C; decomposes in water; soluble in acids and alkalies with decomposition; decomposes in ethanol.

• 용도

  In the laboratory preparation of phosphine.

• 제조 방법

  Phosphonium iodide may be prepared by the action of phosphine with dry hydrogen iodide:
  PH₃ + HI → PH₄I
  Solid phosphonium iodide may be produced in the laboratory by slowly and very cautiously adding water to an intimate mixture of white phosphorus and iodine. Also, this phosphorus-iodine mixture may be obtained by mixing solutions in carbon disulfide and carefully evaporating the solvent in a stream of inert gas:
  P₄ + I + H₂O → PH₄I + H₃PO₄
  2P + I₂ + 4H₂O → PH₄I + H₃PO₄ + HI
  Also, the compound can be prepared by hydrolysis of a mixture of diphosphorus tetraiodide and white phosphorus:
  P₂I₄ + P + H₂O → PH₄I + H₃PO₄.

• 위험도

  Phosphonium iodide detonates on rapid heating. It dissociates by water, alcohol or heat, evolving toxic phosphine gas.

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