VX.

VX. 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 화학적 성질

  VX, a sulfinated organophosphorus compound, is a nerve agent, and the most toxic of all known chemical warfare agents. VX can cause death in minutes. As little as one drop of VX on the skin can be fatal. VX is a colorless, to straw to amber-colored, odorless liquid. Looks like motor oil.

• 용도

  Chemical warfare agent.

• 일반 설명

  Odorless liquid, with an amber color. Used as a quick-acting military chemical nerve agent.

• 반응 프로필

  Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

• 건강위험

  Cholinesterase inhibitor. Lowest toxic oral dose (TDLO) to humans is 4 mg/kg; lowest lethal skin dose to humans (LDLO) is 86 mg/kg. Death within 15 minutes after fatal dose is absorbed.

• 화재위험

  Highly toxic nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. Avoid extreme heat.

• Safety Profile

  Human poison by skin contact. Experimental poison by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. Human systemic effects by ingestion and intravenous routes: hallucinations and distorted perceptions, blood pressure increase, hypermotihty, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, visual field changes, sleep disturbance. A chemical warfare agent. A combustible liquid. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of SOx and NOx.

• 잠재적 노출

  VX is a quick-acting, military chemical nerve agent. VX is the most potent of all chemical warfare agents. It attacks the nervous system, causing the muscles to convulse uncontrollably. The nerve agent works similarly to pesticide and was originally developed in the early 1950s. Highly persistent, it can be dangerous for weeks and remains a liquid for more than 24 hours. It poses little vapor hazard. The least volatile of the nerve agents, VX, is very slow to evaporate; about as slowly as motor oil. VX is highly efficient at skin penetration, more than any other of the “G” agents. It is used in the M-23 land mine. VX was never used in combat by the United States and all stockpiles of approximately 4400 t of the Agent were destroyed in 2008 by the United States Army Chemical Materials Agency (CMA).

• 운송 방법

  UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, Technical Name Required. Military driver shall be given full and complete information regarding shipment and conditions in case of emergency. AR 50-6 deals specifically with the shipment of chemical agents. Shipments of agent will be escorted in accordance with AR 740-32. Packing Group: 1.

• 비 호환성

  Relatively stable at room temperature. Unstabilized VX of 95% purity decomposed at a rate of 5% a month @ 71℃. Relatively stable at room temperature. Unstabilized VX of 95% purity decomposes at a rate of 5% a month @ 71℃. At pH 12, the toxic by-product has a halflife of about 14 days and in 90 days there is about a 64-fold reduction. Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrideds and active metals. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.