Phenibut

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Warning

• 유해·위험 문구

  H315：피부에 자극을 일으킴

  H319：눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴

  H335：호흡 자극성을 일으킬 수 있음

• 예방조치문구

  P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

  P302+P352：피부에 묻으면 다량의 물로 씻으시오.

  P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

Phenibut 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  Phenibut, also known as fenibut, phenigamma, and beta-phenyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid, is a derivative of the neurotransmitter GABA. It was developed in Russia,and there it has been used clinically since the 1960s to treat anxiety and related conditions，including insomnia(Lapin，2001). Phenibut has anxiolytic properties and is commonlycompared to benzodiazepines and baclofen.Structurally，phenibut issimilar to GABA, with the addition of the phenyl ring. This allows thecompound to more easily cross the blood-brain barrier, but also changesits activity profile (Shulgina,1986). Scientific studies demonstrate that phenibut can be safely used to treat anxiety, depression,epilepsy, speech disorders, and insomnia.

• 용도

  4-amino-3-phenylbutanoic acid (cas# 1078-21-3) is a GABAA receptor agonist, used for treatment of disorders influenced by dysfunction of pancreatic β cells and also used in combination with other agents.

• 제조 방법

  Phenibut was synthesized by Perekalin and his associates at the Department of Organic Chemistry of the Herzen Pedagogic Institute in St. Petersburg, the Russian Federation. In initial publications phenibut was known as phenigamma (Lapin, 2001, V. V. Perekalin, 1954).
  Fenibut synthesis: from benzoyl chloride and ethyl acetoacetate as raw materials, through condensation and hydrolysis of ethyl benzoyl acetate, and then condensation of benzaldehyde and nitromethane to generate trans-nitrostyrene, and then the two are combined. Micheal addition, the adduct is then catalytically hydrogenated with Raney nickel, and finally hydrolyzed in concentrated hydrochloric acid to produce phenibate.
  
  Synthesis of Phenibut (16) and Baclofen (17).

• 주요 응용

  Phenibut is an anxiolytic and nootropic drug, discovered in the Soviet Union used to treat several psychiatric disorders. It can be used in the treatment of anxiety, depression, asthenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, stuttering, and vestibular disorders.

• 부작용

  When taken by mouth: Phenibut is likely unsafe. Phenibut can cause many side effects, including reduced consciousness, dizziness, nausea, poor balance, and fatigue. Taking large doses can cause trouble breathing, unconsciousness, and death.
  Phenibut can cause dependence. People who use phenibut for 3 days or more and then stop taking it might experience withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can include decreased appetite, nausea, muscle aches, fast heart rate, anxiety, agitation, trouble sleeping, and seizures.

• Safety Profile

  Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Human systemic effects by ingestion: somnolence, hallucinations, distorted perception. Used as a mood elevator and tranquilizer. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

• Regulatory Status

  USA - Phenibut is still an uncontrolled substance in the United States, and it is legal to sell and possess phenibut. It has not been approved for clinical use in the United States.
  Europe - Unscheduled. It is not regulated by the European Medicines Agency. However, some nootropic substances such as piracetam are available only on prescription in some European Union countries and are freely available in others.
  Russia - Phenibut is a licensed prescription medication used for a variety of conditions including anxiety, insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorders, depression, stuttering, tics, attention deficit disorders, and vestibular disorders. Russian cosmonauts were reported to have been supplied with the substance to help relieve tension, anxiety and fear (Buckley 2006).

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