Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are considered as a group of proanthocyanidinsthat primarily contain dimers, trimers and other oligomers of catechin and epicatechin,and their gallic acid esters have been reported to protect against oxidationinjury and to scavenge oxygen-free radicals (Yang et al. 2017). It also protectsagainst diabetes and ischemia. GSP was reported to have antitumour activity againstvariety of cancer types (Yao et al. 2016). And dietary GSPs significantly inhibitedUVB-induced skin tumour development in wild-type mice but not in XPA-deficientmice (Katiyar et al. 2017). Luan et al. (2015) examined the effect of GSPs on vasculogenicmimicry information in HCC1937 TNBC cell model. In this study, theyidentified the vasculogenic mimicry structure via the three-dimensional (3D) matrixin vitro. The effects of GSPs on human TNBC HCC1937 in terms of related proteinsof vasculogenic mimicry information were determined using western blot analysis.In vitro, the tubular networks were found in highly invasive HCC1937 cells but notin the non-invasive MCF-7 cells when plated on matrigel. The number of vascularchannels was significantly reduced when cells were exposed in GSPs (100 μg/ml)and GSPs (200 μg/ml) groups (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, they found that treatmentwith GSPs promoted transition of the mesenchymal state to the epithelial statein HCC1937 cells as well as reducing the expression of Twist1 protein, a masterEMT regulator. GSPs can inhibit vasculogenic mimicry information by the suppressionof Twist1 protein that could be related to the reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal(EMT) process. It is firstly concluded that GSPs may be a potentialanti-vasculogenic mimicry natural agent for human TNBC (Luan et al. 2015).
