리신.

리신. 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  Ricin is a heterodimeric ribosomeinhibiting protein consisting of an A-chain (RTA), linked by a disulphide bond to the B-chain (RTB). The total molecular weight is 66 000 Da, with the A-chain contributing 32 kDa, and the B-chain 34 kDa. The A-chain is a globular protein composed of 267 amino acids containing eight alpha helices and eight beta sheets, with the toxin’s substrate binding site located within the cleft. The B-chain is the binding lectin composed of 262 amino acids, shaped like a barbell, and has a binding site specific for membrane sugars at each end (galactose and N-acetyl galactosamine).

• 화학적 성질

  Various tests for the detection of Ricin are avail- able, including “Pro-Strips” from Avant Technologies, the BIO-911? test strip developed by Osborn Scientific Group, Lakeside AZ. This one-step test is reported to detect, within minutes, the presence of minute quantities of the toxin (less than 50 nanograms); the freeze-dried assay kit to detect crude Ricin called Ruggedized Advanced Pathogen Identification Device (Rapid)?, Rapid LT, and Razor instrument developed by Idaho Technologies, Inc. Ricin is detectable in urine, plasma, and environmental samples. Instant Chek Abrin/Ricin Detection Kit, Catalog Number: IC-RA-003-10 Kit Contents: 10 test units each test contains two tests (one Abrin and one Ricin) per unit, lyophilized reagent, reconstitution buffer, wash buffer, transfer pipettes, instruction booklet. Ey Laboratories, Inc, 107 N. Amphlett Blvd, San Mateo, CA. 94401 USA, Toll Free (North America)1-800-821-0044; Telephone: 1-650- 342-3296, Option 2 or 3 Fax. 11 (650) 342 2648. Also, in 2009, researchers at Yeshiva University’s Albert Einstein College of Medicine have developed an accurate test. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can detect castor bean DNA in most Ricin preparations. See also “Water Detection,” below.

• 용도

  Ricin is a toxin found in the seeds of the castor oil plant, Ricinnus communis. The plant is cultivated commercially for its oil, but is also widespread as a weed and used as an ornamental plant. Approximately 3–5% of the waste from castor oil production is ricin. The major uses of ricin are as a chemical warfare agent, as a tool in studies of cell surface properties, and experimentally in cancer research. Ricin-A conjugate has been used experimentally in AIDS research. Low concentrations of the powders (0.3%) are marketed as a mole killer.
  Its preferred use seems to be as an assassin’s weapon and there are documented cases of umbrellas being used as a means of injecting ricin into human targets. It has also been found at postal facilities and mailings to a US Senator’s office.

• Carcinogenicity

  No carcinogenic effects of ricin have been reported. The National Library of Medicine’s on-line database HSDB (Hazardous Substances Data Bank) (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov) contains a number of references showing the potential for ricin to be used as an anticancer drug. Ricin has strong cytostatic effect against transplanted malignancies in mice.

• 운송 방법

  UN3172 Toxins, extracted from living sources, liquid, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN3462 Toxins, extracted from living sources, solid, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

• 비 호환성

  Product is considered stable at ambient temperature. Ricin and other protein toxins can be destroyed by exposure to 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution (household bleach) for 10 minutes. The toxic portion of Ricin is heat stable at ambient temperatures and begins to decompose at 60℃/140 ℃. At 80℃/176 ℃ most of the toxicity is lost in about 30 minutes. When heated to decomposition, Ricin emits toxic nitrogen oxides. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers.

• 폐기물 처리

  Do not clean-up or dispose of Ricin, except under supervision of a specialist.

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