덱스트로메토르판

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H301：삼키면 유독함

  H411：장기적 영향에 의해 수생생물에 유독함

• 예방조치문구

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P270：이 제품을 사용할 때에는 먹거나, 마시거나 흡연하지 마시오.

  P273：환경으로 배출하지 마시오.

  P301+P310：삼켰다면 즉시 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오.

  P391：누출물을 모으시오.

  P405：밀봉하여 저장하시오.

덱스트로메토르판 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 화학적 성질

  Dextromethorphan is a white to slightly yellow, odorless, crystalline powder. The hydrobromide salt of dextromethorphan occurs as white crystals or a white crystalline powder, soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform. It acts upon the central nervous system to suppress the cough reflex.

• 용도

  Dextromethorphan is used therapeutically as an over-thecounter cough suppressant and antitussive. It is also commonly abused particularly by adolescents because of its relative ease of availability.

• Indications

  Dextromethorphan is used in treating nonproductive cough. It is available widely in a variety of nonprescription forms, such as capsules, lozenges, syrups, extended-release oral suspension, and chewable tablets. This drug possesses a pronounced anticough effect and minimal action on the CNS. It is not addictive.

• 정의

  ChEBI: Dextromethorphan is a 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough. It has a role as a NMDA receptor antagonist, a neurotoxin, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, an antitussive, a prodrug and a oneirogen. It is functionally related to a dextrorphan. It is an enantiomer of a levomethorphan.

• Biological Functions

  Dextromethorphan hydrobromide is the D-isomer of levorphanol. It lacks CNS activity but acts at the cough center in the medulla to produce an antitussive effect. It is half as potent as codeine as an antitussive. Anecdotal reports of abuse exist, but studies of abuse potential are lacking. It has few side effects but does potentiate the activity of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to hypotension and infrequently coma. Dextromethorphan is often combined in lozenges with the local anesthetic benzocaine, which blocks pain from throat irritation due to coughing.

• 일반 설명

  Dextromethorphan is the dextrorotatory form of levorphanolwith a methoxy group on the 3-position. It is availablein more than 140 over-the-counter (OTC) cough and coldformulations. Evidence-based reviews have been unable toconclude that it is more effective than placebo in reducingcough. Like (+) and (-) levorphanol, (+) dextromethorphanis a potent NMDA antagonist and, in higher than recommendeddoses, has the potential for causing dissociativeanesthetic effects similar to ketamine or phencyclidine (PCP).The OTC status and availability of pure dextromethorphanpowder online has contributed greatly to its abuse in recentyears. DAWN reports that in 2004, there were approximately12,500 emergency room visits involving dextromethorphanwith 44% of those involving abuse of the drug. The 2006National Survey on Drug Abuse report shows that nearly 1million persons aged 12 to 25 years (1.7%) misused OTCcough and cold medications in the past year.
  Dextromethorphan’s ability to antagonize the NMDA receptorhas led to its use to treat phantom pain, diabetic neuropathy,and postoperative acute pain.

• 환경귀착

  Dextromethorphan is the D-isomer of the codeine analog, methorphan. Unlike the L-isomer, it has no analgesic or addictive properties and does not act through the opioid receptors. The exact mechanism for the antitussive effect by dextromethorphan remains unclear and is likely multifactorial. Dextromethorphan is known to be an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist; however, dextromethorphan binding sites are not limited to the known distribution of NMDA receptors.
  Dextromethorphan’s main metabolite, dextrorphan, has NMDA receptor antagonist properties similar to ketamine and phencyclidine. This NMDA receptor antagonism is believed to result in a decreased reuptake of catecholamines. Dextromethorphan also inhibits the reuptake of serotonin. These properties make dextromethorphan have a high abuse and misuse potential.
  Dextromethorphan is a common ingredient in over-thecounter cough and cold preparations, and is often combined with other agents including concurrent antihistamines, decongestants, analgesics, and ethanol. Patients may exhibit toxicity due to these coingestants.

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