D-ガラクトサミン

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Warning

• 危険有害性情報

  H317：アレルギー性皮膚反応を起こすおそれ

  H319：強い眼刺激

• 注意書き

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

D-ガラクトサミン 価格

D-ガラクトサミン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  D-ガラクトサミン．コンドロサミンともいう．ヘキソサミンの一種．D-グルコサミンについで広く天然に分布するアミノ糖で，一般に，N-アセチル誘導体として存在する．動物，植物，微生物の多糖類，とくにコンドロイチン硫酸をはじめ，多くのムコ多糖類，糖タンパク質，糖脂質の構成成分である．これらの酸加水分解のほか，合成によっても得られる．α形の塩酸塩は，分解点185 ℃．[α]_D＋121→＋95°(水)．β形の塩酸塩は分解点187 ℃．[α]_D＋44.5→＋95°(水)．還元糖，アミノ糖としての一般的性質を示す．フェニルヒドラジンによってアミノ基を失い，ガラクトサゾンを与える．エルソン-モルガン法によって検出，定量される．

• 説明

  Galactosamine is a model hepatotoxicant, induces hepatitis characterized by neutrophilic infiltration, and kills the animal by fulminant hepatic failure. Galactosamine, an amino derivative of sugar galactose, has been used as a model hepatotoxicant since the first reports of hepatotoxicity in late 1970s by Keppler and associates. Galactosamine-induced hepatitis has been a model of choice to study various aspects of liver disease, including mechanisms of toxicant-induced apoptosis and necrosis, liver tissue repair, neutrophil infiltration and transmigration, and the role of endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in initiating liver injury.
  Humans and animals synthesize galactosamine in the body. Galactosamine (a type of hexosamine) is formed when an amino group replaces one of the hydroxy groups of a sixcarbon sugar, or hexose. The human body utilizes uridine diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or glucosamine as a precursor to synthesize this compound, and is most often found in the form N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (often referred to as N-acetylgalactosamine). Most importantly, galactosamine is a constituent of hyaluronic acid, a powerful water-binding agent. Many different types of tissues in human body contain hyaluronic acid, which acts as a lubricating agent in the synovial fluid of joints and in connective tissues. Hyaluronic acid also acts as a lubricating agent in the vitreous humor of the eyeball. Hyaluronic acid has considerable medicinal value; it is often used in wound healing, burn dressings, osteoarthritis treatment, cataract or corneal transplantation surgery, and various types of plastic surgeries.

• 定義

  ChEBI: The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.

• Toxicity evaluation

  Galactosamine induces liver injury by interfering with the uridine pool in the cell, which is essential for RNA and protein synthesis. Galactosamine ismetabolized via the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, which leads to the generation of uridine derivatives of galactosamine. The two enzymes of the Leloir pathway, galactokinase and UDP-galactose uridyltransferase, convert galactosamine into galactosamine-1-phosphate and UDP-galactosamine, respectively,due to their lowsubstrate specificity.UDPgalactosamine blocks the final enzyme in Leloir pathway, the UDP-galactose-40 epimerase, resulting in the accumulation of UDP-galactosamine in the cells. This results in the depletion of uridine triphosphate (UTP), UDP, uridine monophosphate (UMP), and the sugar derivative of uridine such as UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose essential for RNA and protein synthesis. Orotate, a precursor of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, has been used as an antidote to galactosamine toxicity.

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