(過塩素酸)アニオン

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H271：火災または爆発のおそれ；強酸化性物質

  H302：飲み込むと有害

• 注意書き

  P210：熱/火花/裸火/高温のもののような着火源から遠ざ けること。－禁煙。

  P220：衣類/．．．/可燃物から遠ざけること。

  P221：可燃物と混合を回避するために予防策をとること。

  P264：取扱い後は皮膚をよく洗うこと。

  P264：取扱い後は手や顔をよく洗うこと。

  P270：この製品を使用する時に、飲食または喫煙をしないこ と。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P283：防火服/防炎服/耐火服を着用すること。

  P301+P312：飲み込んだ場合：気分が悪い時は医師に連絡する こと。

  P306+P360：衣類にかかった場合：服を脱ぐ前に、直ちに汚染された 衣類及び皮膚を多量の水で洗うこと。

  P330：口をすすぐこと。

  P370+P378：火災の場合：消火に．．．を使用すること。

  P371+P380+P375：大火災の場合で大量にある場合：区域より退避さ せ、爆発の危険性に応じ、離れた距離から消火する こと。

  P501：内容物/容器を．．．に廃棄すること。

(過塩素酸)アニオン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 特徴

  四面体．Na塩でCl－O 142.0～143.1 pm，∠OClO 108.5～110.9˚

• 説明

  Concern about environmental perchlorate exposure centers on its inhibition of iodide uptake into the thyroid. Decreased iodine intake may decrease thyroid hormone production. In the last few years, perchlorate has become a major inorganic contaminant in drinking water and has been detected in a number of public drinking water systems throughout the Unites States. In 1998, the US EPA added perchlorate to the Drinking Water Candidate Contaminant List.

• 使用

  Perchlorate is a soluble oxychloro anion most commonly used as a solid salt in the form of ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, or sodium per- chlorate, all of which are highly soluble. Ammonium perchlorate is the most widely used perchlorate compound. In their pure forms, these salts are white or colorless crystals or powders. Perchlorate salts dissolve in water and readily move from surface to groundwater. Perchlorate is known to originate from both natural and man-made sources.
  The most common uses for ammonium perchlorate are in explosives, military munitions, and rocket propellants. In addition, perchlorate salts are used in a wide range of nonmilitary applications, including pyrotechnics and fireworks, blasting agents, solid rocket fuel, matches, lubricating oils, nuclear reactors, air bags, and certain types of fertilizers. Improper storage and disposal related to these uses is the most typical route for perchlorate to enter into the environment. Monitoring data show that more than 4% of public water systems, serving between 5 million and 17 million people, have detected perchlorate in their finished water.

• 一般的な説明

  Crystalline or powdered solids. May explode under exposure to heat or fire. If available, obtain the technical name from the shipping papers and contact CHEMTREC, 800-424-9300 for specific response information.

• 空気と水の反応

  Water soluble.

• 反応プロフィール

  PERCHLORATE is a strong oxidizing agents. May be self-reactive (e.g., ammonium perchlorate, glycol perchlorate) and liable to violent decomposition. The violence of decomposition of some perchlorates exceeds that of nitroglycerine. Noncombustible but able to accelerate the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in a fire or the combustible material is finely divided, then an explosion may result.

• 健康ハザード

  Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

• 火災危険

  These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

• 環境運命予測

  Environmental Persistency (Degradation and Speciation): Perchlorate salts such as ammonium perchlorate are expected to exist as a solid aerosol or be absorbed to suspended particulate matter. Therefore, removal from the atmosphere is expected to occur by both wet and dry depositions. Perchlorates are not expected to undergo direct photolysis in air. If released in soil, the perchlorate ion is only weakly absorbed to mineral surfaces of moderate ionic strength. The ion exhibits high aqueous solubility, and together these properties contribute to its ability to readily migrate in groundwater systems. The ion is not expected to volatilize from soil to the atmosphere because perchlorates exhibit very low vapor pressures. If released to water, ammonium perchlorate readily dissolves and dissociates to the perchlorate ion. Perchlorate is an ion; therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. Hydrolysis does not occur for inorganic salts such as ammonium perchlorate, which ionizes in aqueous solution.
  Handling and storage: Keep the container tightly closed. Keep the container in a cool, well-ventilated area, separate from acids, alkalies, reducing agents, and combustibles.
  Bioaccumulation and biomagnifications: Significant decomposition of perchlorate does not occur in nature, making human interventions necessary for efficient environmental cleanup.

• 参考文献

  V.R. Wartchow, H.J. Berthold, Z. Kristallogr., 147, 307 (1978), DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1978.147.3-4.307.

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