1,1'-ジメチル-4,4'-ビピリジニウム

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H290：金属腐食のおそれ

  H301：飲み込むと有毒

  H311：皮膚に接触すると有毒

  H315：皮膚刺激

  H319：強い眼刺激

  H330：吸入すると生命に危険

  H335：呼吸器への刺激のおそれ

  H372：長期にわたる、または反復暴露により臓器の障 害

  H410：長期的影響により水生生物に非常に強い毒性

• 注意書き

  P234：他の容器に移し替えないこと。

  P260：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーを吸入しないこ と。

  P264：取扱い後は皮膚をよく洗うこと。

  P264：取扱い後は手や顔をよく洗うこと。

  P270：この製品を使用する時に、飲食または喫煙をしないこ と。

  P271：屋外または換気の良い場所でのみ使用すること。

  P273：環境への放出を避けること。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P284：呼吸用保護具を着用すること。

  P301+P310：飲み込んだ場合：直ちに医師に連絡すること。

  P302+P352：皮膚に付着した場合：多量の水と石鹸で洗うこと。

  P304+P340：吸入した場合：空気の新鮮な場所に移し、呼吸しやすい 姿勢で休息させること。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

  P310：ただちに医師に連絡すること。

  P312：気分が悪い時は医師に連絡すること。

  P314：気分が悪い時は、医師の診断/手当てを受けること。

  P320：特別な治療が緊急に必要である（このラベ ルの．．．を見よ）。

  P321：特別な処置が必要である（このラベルの．．． を見よ）。

  P322：特別な処置が必要である（このラベルの．．． を見よ）。

  P330：口をすすぐこと。

  P332+P313：皮膚刺激が生じた場合：医師の診断/手当てを受けるこ と。

  P361：汚染された衣類をすべて脱ぐこと。

  P362：汚染された衣類を脱ぎ、再使用す場合には洗濯をすること。

  P363：汚染された衣類を再使用す場合には洗濯をすること。

  P390：物的被害を防止するためにも流出したものを吸収 すること。

  P391：漏出物を回収すること。

  P403+P233：換気の良い場所で保管すること。容器を密閉 しておくこと。

  P404：密閉容器に保管すること。

  P405：施錠して保管すること。

  P501：内容物/容器を．．．に廃棄すること。

MSDS Information

• 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium

1,1'-ジメチル-4,4'-ビピリジニウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 農薬用途

  除草剤

• 説明

  Paraquat is a quaternary ammonium compound with herbicide properties, as diquat. It is contained in Cekuquat or Dipril.

• 化学的特性

  Paraquat is a yellow solid with a faint, ammonia-like odor.

• 使用

  It can cause contact and phototoxic contact dermatitis, acne, and leucoderma, mainly in agrieultural workers.

• 製造方法

  Paraquat is synthesized by the direct quaternization of 4,4 -bipyridyl with chloromethane under pressure (1,9). Diquat is synthesized by reaction of 2,2 -bipridyl with di-n-propyl amine.

• 調製方法

  Paraquat is produced in several countries by coupling pyridine in the presence of sodium in anhydrous ammonia and quaternizing the resulting 4,4-bipyridyl with methyl chloride. The only impurity permitted is the 4,40-bipyridyl at a maximum level of 0.25% of the paraquat content. It is formulated for commercial use in various concentrations and mixtures. In the United States, paraquat is sold in watersoluble concentrates at 1.5–2.5 lb/gal.

• 定義

  ChEBI: An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.

• 农业用途

  Herbicide, Defoliant, Desiccant: Paraquat is a quaternary nitrogen herbicide widely used for broadleaf weed control. It is a quick-acting, nonselective compound, that destroys green plant tissue on contact and by translocation within the plant. It has been employed for killing marijuana in the U.S. and in Mexico. It is also used as a crop desiccant and defoliant, and as an aquatic herbicide. It is used in many formulations with other herbicides, e. g., simazine and diquat. Paraquat dichloride is registered for the control of weeds and grasses in agricultural and non-agricultural areas. It is used as a preplant or pre-emergence herbicide on vegetables, grains, cotton, grasses, sugarcane, peanuts, potatoes, and on areas for tree plantation establishment. Paraquat is applied as a directed spray post-emergence herbicide around fruit crops, vegetables, trees, vines, grains, soybeans, and sugarcane. It is used for dormant season applications on clover and other legumes, and for chemical fallow. It is also used as a desiccant or harvest aid on cotton, dry beans, soybeans, potatoes, sunflowers, sugarcane and as a post-harvest desiccant on tomatoes. It is applied to pine trees to induce resin soaking. Paraquat dichloride is also used on non-crop areas such as public airports, electric transformer stations and around commercial buildings to control weeds. Not approved for use in EU countries. A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP).

• 製品名

  HERBICIDE®[C]; CRISQUAT®; CYCLONE®; DEXTRONE®; DEXTRONE-X®; ESGRAM®; GAMIXEL®; GOLDQUAT 276®; GRAMOXONE®; GRAMOXONE D®; GRAMOXONE DICHLORIDE®; GRAMOXONE S®; GRAMOXONE W®; HERBIKILL®; HERBOXONE®; OK 622®; ORTHO PARAQUAT CL®[C]; PARA-COL®; PARAMINE®; PARAQUAT CL®[C]; PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE BIPYRIDYLNIUM HERBICIDE®; PATHCLEAR®; PILLARQUAT®; PILLARXONE®; PP148®; PRELUDE®[C]; STARFIRE®; SUREFIRE®; SWEEP®; TERRAKLENE®; TOTACOL®; TOXER TOTAL®; UNIQUAT®; WEEDOL®

• 接触アレルゲン

  Paraquat is a quaternary ammonium compound with herbicide properties, as diquat. It is contained in Cekuquat? or Dipril?. It can cause contact and phototoxic contact dermatitis, acne, and leukoderma mainly in agricultural workers.

• 安全性プロファイル

  Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Mutation data reported. Human systemic effects: changes in structure or function of esophagus, darrhea, edema, fibrosis of lung, fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis), hemorrhage, jaundice, renal damage, renal function tests depressed, respiratory depression, ulceration or bleedmg from stomach, vomiting. Death from anoxia may result. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also PARAQUAT DICHLOFUDE

• 職業ばく露

  Those engaged in manufacture, formulation and application of this herbicide. Classified for restricted use: limited to use by a certified applicator, or those under applicator’s direct supervision.

• 発がん性

  Several carcinogenicity studies have been conducted on paraquat by the oral route. In a 2-year feeding study at doses as high as 75 mg/kg in mice, and a drinking water study at doses as high as 2.6 mg/L of water in rats, no evidence of tumorigenicity was seen. Similar negative results were reported for diquat in a 2-year feeding study (Hayes, 1991) in rats at dose levels up to 720 mg/kg and in a 2-year drinking water study in mice at doses of 2–4 mg/kg.

• 代謝

  Because paraquat and diquat are positively charged ions, they are very quickly and tightly bound to negatively charged clay particles in the soil, rendering them totally inactive (1). Thus, these herbicides have no soil activity.
  Plants do not actively metabolize either paraquat or diquat (31); however, substantial photodegradation does occur on the leaf surface. Isonicotinic acid and methylamine hydrochloride are the decomposition products most often noted from paraquat (1). With diquat, the decomposition products included the pyrazinium salt, picolinamide, and picolinic acid (1). Photodegradation of diquat was greater than that of paraquat at equal irradiances (1–3).

• 輸送方法

  UN2781 Bipyridilium pesticide, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

• 不和合性

  Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides (hydrolysis), alkylarylsulfonate wetting agents. Corrosive to metals. Decomposes in presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. Decomposes in heat (see physical properties, above) and in the presence of UV light, producing nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride.

• 廃棄物の処理

  Paraquat is rapidly inactivated in soil. It is also inactivated by anionic surfactants. Therefore an effective and environmentally safe disposal method would be to mix the product with ordinary household detergent and bury the mixture in clay soil. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.

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