(3aS,10aS)-2,6-ジアミノ-4α-[[(アミノカルボニル)オキシ]メチル]-3aα,4,8,9-テトラヒドロ-1H,10H-ピロロ[1,2-c]プリン-10,10-ジオール

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H300：飲み込むと生命に危険

  H310：皮膚に接触すると生命に危険

  H330：吸入すると生命に危険

• 注意書き

  P260：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーを吸入しないこ と。

  P262：眼、皮膚、衣類につけないこと。

  P264：取扱い後は皮膚をよく洗うこと。

  P264：取扱い後は手や顔をよく洗うこと。

  P270：この製品を使用する時に、飲食または喫煙をしないこ と。

  P271：屋外または換気の良い場所でのみ使用すること。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P284：呼吸用保護具を着用すること。

  P301+P310：飲み込んだ場合：直ちに医師に連絡すること。

  P302+P350：皮膚に付着した場合：多量の水と石鹸で優しく洗うこと。

  P304+P340：吸入した場合：空気の新鮮な場所に移し、呼吸しやすい 姿勢で休息させること。

  P310：ただちに医師に連絡すること。

  P320：特別な治療が緊急に必要である（このラベ ルの．．．を見よ）。

  P321：特別な処置が必要である（このラベルの．．． を見よ）。

  P322：特別な処置が必要である（このラベルの．．． を見よ）。

  P330：口をすすぐこと。

  P361：汚染された衣類をすべて脱ぐこと。

  P363：汚染された衣類を再使用す場合には洗濯をすること。

  P403+P233：換気の良い場所で保管すること。容器を密閉 しておくこと。

  P405：施錠して保管すること。

  P501：内容物/容器を．．．に廃棄すること。

(3aS,10aS)-2,6-ジアミノ-4α-[[(アミノカルボニル)オキシ]メチル]-3aα,4,8,9-テトラヒドロ-1H,10H-ピロロ[1,2-c]プリン-10,10-ジオール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  サキシトキシン．ミチロトキシンともいう．海洋性プランクトン渦鞭毛藻Gonyaular catenellaやG.tamarensisが産生する神経毒．これを食する二枚貝の中腸腺に蓄積するので，麻ひ性貝毒ともいわれる．白色の吸湿性固体．[α]_D＋130°(0.0005 mol L－1 塩酸)．pKa 8.24(水)．メタノール，水に易溶，エタノールに可溶，エーテル，ベンゼンに難溶．アルカリに不安定であり，また pH 3で3～4時間沸騰させると失活する．テトロドトキシンと同様に Na＋ の膜透過を阻害し，猛毒である．LD50 263 μg/kg(マウス，経口)．

• 説明

  First recognized in 1957 by Shantz et al. in the butter clam Saxidomus giganteus, saxitoxin is a naturally occurring toxin that is synthesized by various marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. It is used in neurochemical and molecular biology research, but regulatory concerns have focused on its weaponization and potent toxicological effects on animals and humans. Saxitoxin causes paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in humans and other animals; whales having ingested organisms contaminated with the toxin have died just hours after exposure. In humans, PSP can occur as a result of consuming shellfish or other seafood in which saxitoxin has accumulated. While effects have been documented worldwide, the sources of contaminated seafood have been identified as primarily the west and east coasts of the United States.
  To date, more than 30 different saxitoxin analogs have been identified. These include pure saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), the gonyautoxins (GTX), and decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dc-STX); of these, STX, 6NeoSTX, GTX1, and dc-STX seem to be the most toxic. The term saxitoxin typically refers to this collection of compounds produced naturally by cyanobacteria.
  Saxitoxin is far more potent than the classic puffer fish toxin tetrodotoxin, and is one of only two naturally occurring Schedule 1 chemical warfare agents (the other is ricin). In 1970, President Nixon ordered stocks of the toxin destroyed in compliance with U.N. agreements on biological weapons; however, the Central Intelligence Agency revealed in 1975 that there was a remaining supply, which was distributed to research facilities by the National Institutes of Health in order to study neurological diseases.

• 化学的特性

  Crystalline solid; soluble in water and me thanol; forms dihydrochloride with HCl.

• 使用

  Saxitoxin is an alkaloid of nonplant origin.It is the neurotoxic constituent of dinoflagel lates (Gonyaulax catenella and G. excavata)the so-called “red tide” found along the U.S.coast. Shellfish, clams, and scallops consumethis and become extremely poisonous forhuman consumption.

• 定義

  ChEBI: An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.

• 健康ハザード

  Saxitoxin is an extremely toxic substance.It binds to sodium channels and the blocksnerve membrane. In humans, ingestion ofthis compound can produce tingling andburning in the lip, tongue, face, and thewhole body within an hour. This is fol lowed by numbness, muscular incoordina tion, confusion, headache, and respiratoryfailure. Death may occur within 12 hours.
  LD50 value intraperitoneal (mice): 0.005mg/kg
  LD50 value oral (mice): 0.26 mg/kg
  Intravenous administration of 1 mL of1:2000 solution of prostigmine methylsulfatehas been reported to be effective againstsaxitoxin poisoning (Hodgson et al. 1988).

• 環境運命予測

  Dinoflagellates (flagellate protists, plankton) are primarily responsible for the biosynthesis of saxitoxin, and bioaccumulation tends to occur in several shellfish such as mussels, clams, scallops, and cockles. Broth made from shellfish can harbor saxitoxin as well due to its stability at normal cooking temperatures. Consumption of the shellfish leads to toxicity in humans, while consumption of other organisms in which saxitoxin has accumulated (up the food chain, for example) has historically affected other animals such as whales.
  Data describing the environmental fate of saxitoxin is extremely limited. There have been some studies investigating the absorption/desorption capacities of various soils for the compound, but more exhaustive studies are yet to be reported.

• 参考文献

  Schantz et al., J. Arner. Chern. Soc., 97, 1238 (1975)

35523-89-8, (3aS,10aS)-2,6-ジアミノ-4α-[[(アミノカルボニル)オキシ]メチル]-3aα,4,8,9-テトラヒドロ-1H,10H-ピロロ[1,2-c]プリン-10,10-ジオール キーワード