description
Sodium chloroacetate is a white colored powdered solid. It is soluble in water. It may be toxic ingestion or inhalation. It is used as a contact herbicide and a component in other herbicides, an intermediate in the production of carboxymethyl-cellulose, and other synthetic organic chemicals.
In one study systemic effects to Sprague-Dawley rats (M/F, numbers per group not indicated) given single doses of sodium chloroacetate at 94, 282, or 470 mg/kg bw demonstrated increased sodium concentration in urine, increased potassium concentration in plasma, and reduced glutathione level in the liver at the highest dose; 2/3 of males died within 24 hours of treatment in the middle and high dose groups.
Stability and Reactivity:
Sodium chloroacetate is stable at normal temperatures and pressures. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents.
HUMAN USE AND EXPERIENCE
There are a number of case studies of the parent compound, monochloroacetic acid (MCA), involving corrosion of skin and eyes and fatalities related to skin absorption of toxicologically significant amounts of MCA and a health-based target concentration of 0.1 mg/L was calculated for MCA in drinking water although Health Canada and Environment Canada have categorized MCA as not entering the environment at levels that may be hazardous to human health. There are, however, no similar data or epidemiological reports for sodium chloroacetate.
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics
After absorption, monochloroacetic acid (parent compound CAS 79-11-8) is converted to thiodiacetic acid and glycolic acid and is accumulated in the liver and kidneys of rats.Metabolism of sodium monochloroacetate is expected to have a similar pharmacokinetic profile.
Chemical Properties
Sodium chloroacetate is a white crystalline powder. It is soluble in water. It may be toxic ingestion or inhalation.
Sodium chloroacetate is a reactive and toxic material, so it is hydrolyzed to glycolic acid nearly quantitatively at the end of the production cycle. Chloroacetic acid always contains traces of dichloroacetic acid, a toxic and unreactive material that appears on the California Prop.65 list.
Uses
Sodium chloroacetate is used to prepare dyes and active pharmaceutical ingredients. It is also used as an odor agent, surface active agent and viscosity adjustor.
Uses
Sodium chloroacetate is the sodium salt of chloroacetic acid. It is used to prepare weed killers, dyes, vitamins and active pharmaceutical ingredients. It is also used as an odor agent, surface active agent and viscosity adjustor. Sodium dihydroxyethyltallow glycinate is the condensation product of dihydroxyethyl tallow amine and sodiumchloroacetate.It is used as a thickeningagent and asurfactant.
Production Methods
Sodium monochloroacetate is commercially produced through a neutralisation reaction involving monochloroacetic acid and sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. This process typically takes place in a controlled reactor system where monochloroacetic acid is gradually added to an aqueous solution of the sodium base, maintaining precise temperature and pH conditions to ensure complete conversion and minimize side reactions. The resulting material is then purified, often via crystallization or filtration and dried.
General Description
Chloroacetic acid sodium salt is a white colored powdered solid. Chloroacetic acid sodium salt is soluble in water.Chloroacetic acid sodium salt may be toxic ingestion or inhalation. Sodium chloroacetate is used as a contact herbicide and a component in other herbicides, an intermediate in the production of carboxymethyl-cellulose, and other synthetic organic chemicals.
Air & Water Reactions
Chloroacetic acid sodium salt is soluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
Salts, basic, such as Chloroacetic acid sodium salt, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.
Health Hazard
Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
Fire Hazard
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.
Flammability and Explosibility
Non flammable
Biochem/physiol Actions
Actin plays an important role in cell motility, structure and integrity. Smooth muscle actin-α (SMA)/ α2-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) interacts with β-myosin heavy chain and helps in vascular smooth muscle cell contraction. The encoded protein modulates the expression of c-MET (tyrosine-protein kinase Met) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in human lung adenocarcinoma cells, which positively and selectively mediates tumor progression. Mutation in the gene expression leads to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD).
Mechanism of action
Thought to interfere with plant metabolism, leading to growth inhibition and eventual plant death.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cland NazO. Used as an herbicide
