Chemical Properties
Fine to granular, white or yellowish powder.
Originator
Sermion,Farmitalia,Italy,1974
Uses
Nicergoline is a drug used for age-dependent cognitive impairment such as Alzheimers disease and other types of dementia. Nicergoline has shown to protect cultured neurons against β-amyloid toxicity. Nicergoline protects against neuronal cell death induced by activated microglia and astrocytes through the inhibition of inflammatory mediators and the upregulation of neurotrophic factors by glial cells. Nicergoline is a drug used for age-dependent cognitive impairment and it protects cultured neurons against β-amyloid toxicity.
Definition
ChEBI: Nicergoline is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound.
Manufacturing Process
Preparation of 1-Methyl Lumilysergic Acid 8-Methyl Ester-10-Methyl Ether:
Into a suspension of 10 grams of 1-methyl-lumilysergic acid in 600 cc of
absolute methanol a stream of anhydrous hydrogen chloride is bubbled for 1.5
hours with strong cooling. The stream of hydrogen chloride is stopped and the
mixture is allowed to stand for 30 minutes at 0°C, and is evaporated in vacuo
to dryness. The residue is taken up with ice-cooled water made alkaline with
concentrated ammonia and extracted with chloroform. The combined
chloroform extracts are washed first with a 5% aqueous solution of sodium
bicarbonate, then with water, and are thereafter dried over anhydrous sodium
sulfate and finally evaporated in vacuo to dryness.
Preparation of 1-Methyl Lumilysergol-10-Methyl Ether: To a boiling suspension
of 2 grams of lithium aluminum hydride in 50 cc of anhydrous
tetrahydrofuran, a solution of 1 gram of 1-methyl lumilysergic acid-8-methyl
ester-10-methyl ether in 20 cc of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran is added
dropwise and the resulting solution is refluxed for a further 2 hours. After
cooling the resulting solution, aqueous tetrahydrofuran is added to destroy the
excess reducing agent and the solution is filtered. Tetrahydrofuran is distilled
off and the residue is recrystallized from acetone petroleum ether.
Preparation of Nicergoline: To a solution of 1-methyl lumilysergol-10-methyl
ether in pyridine, 5-bromonicotinyl chloride is used as an acylating agent at room temperature. The mixture is stirred for 1 hour. Water and methanol are
added and the resulting mixture is stirred for 1 hour, extracted with
chloroform, and washed in sequence with 1% aqueous caustic soda, 5%
aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and water. The resulting solution is
dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent is distilled off. By
recrystallization of the residue from acetone petroleum ether, nicergoline is
obtained, melting at 136° to 138°C.
brand name
Sermion (Farmitalia, Societa Farmaceutici
Italia, Italy).
Therapeutic Function
Vasodilator
Biological Activity
α -adrenergic, vasodilator. Cognitive enhancer.
Pharmacology
Nicergoline is an ergot derivative that may protect against degeneration of cholinergic neurones (Giardino et al.,2002). Nicergoline has a broad spectrum of action (Winblad et al,2008): (1) as a1-adrenoceptor antagonist it induces vasodilatation and increases arterial blood flow; (2) it enhances cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmission; (3) it inhibits platelet aggregation; (4) it promotes metabolic activity, resulting in increased oxygen and glucose utilization; and (5) it has neurotrophic and antioxidant properties. Nicergoline has been used for the treatment of various dementias, including AD and VaD (Fioravanti and Flicker, 2001). The therapeutic effects of nicergoline were evident by 2 months of treatment and were maintained for 6-12 months.
Safety Profile
Poison by intravenous
route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and
subcutaneous routes. An experimental
teratogen. Other experimental reproductive
effects. A vasodilator. When heated to
decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of
Brand NOx.
Synthesis
Nicergoline pure nanoparticles are prepared by spray drying its water-ethanol solution using a nanospray dryer[1].
References
[1] Martena, V., Censi, R., Hoti, E., Malaj, L., & Martino, P. D. (2012). A new nanospray drying method for the preparation of nicergoline pure nanoparticles. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 14(6).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-012-0934-1
