Uses
Vat Brown 1 is mainly used for dyeing cotton fibers, exhibiting good leveling properties and moderate affinity. It is also used for dyeing viscose fibers, silk, vinylon, viscose-cotton blends, and vinylon-cotton blends. It can also be used in a co-bath hot-melt dyeing process with disperse dyes to dye polyester-cotton blends, with less staining on polyester. Vat Brown (BR) can also be blended with Vat Gray (BG) to dye coffee brown, and with Vat Gray (BG), Brown (GG), and Khaki (GG) to dye various grays and browns, making it a commonly used brown dye.
Preparation
1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone and 1-Bromoanthracene-9,10-dione or 1-Bromoanthracene-9,10-dione (2 Moore) condensation, its product in Pyridine with Aluminium chloride heating.
General Description
Fine, dark brown to black crystalline powder with a slight odor.
Air & Water Reactions
Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
Oxidizing agents and reducing agents may destroy Vat Brown 1's color. .
Health Hazard
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: When heated to decomposition Vat Brown 1 may emit toxic fumes of carbon oxides and nitrogen oxides.
Fire Hazard
Flash point data for Vat Brown 1 are not available; however, Vat Brown 1 is probably combustible. Dust clouds may form explosive mixtures with air.
Synthesis
1,1' : 4,1''-Trianthrimide-2,2' : 3,2''-
carbazole, (Indanthren Brown BR,
is prepared from 1,1' : 4,1''-
trianthrimide in AlCl3 – pyridine .
Properties and Applications
red light brown. Dark brown powder. Slightly soluble in hot 1, 2, 3, 4 – Tetrahydronaphthalene and thermal Xylene, insoluble in cold Xylene. In concentrated sulfuric acid to Copenhagen green, dilution after brown precipitation. Alkaline reduction leuco for yellow brown; Acid reduction leuco for dark olive. Mainly used for cotton, hemp, silk and viscose dyeing and printing, cotton yarn dyeing common varieties. Used for polyester/cotton blended fabric two bath dyeing of polyester with little color. The leuco used for dyeing cotton knitwear.
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Standard
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Ironing Fastness
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Chlorine bleach
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Light Fastness
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Mercerized
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Oxygen bleach
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Soaping
|
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Fading
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Stain
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ISO
|
5
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4-5
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7
|
4-5
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4-5
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5
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5
|
|
AATCC
|
5
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5
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8
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4-5
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4-5
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|
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