Description
Stoddard solvent is a refined petroleumdistillate derived fromthe
naphtha and kerosene carbon ranges (C7–C12) in crude oil. It is
a type of ‘white spirit,’ characterized as a clear solvent absent of
objectionable odors (hydrodesulfurized to remove hydrogen
sulfide and mercaptans). Stoddard solvent typically contains
paraffinic alkanes (saturated branched and linear), cycloalkanes
(also known as cycloparaffins), and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Paraffins (30–50%) and cycloparaffins (30–40%) tend to
predominate, with a remaining 10–20%comprised of aromatics.
The exact composition of Stoddard solvent can vary due to variations
in crude oils and the refining processes. The boiling range
of Stoddard solvent is approximately 148.8–204.4 °C.
Chemical Properties
colourless liquid with a kerosene-like odour (odour threshold typically
Chemical Properties
Stoddard solvent is a refined petroleum solvent containing .65% C10 or higher hydrocarbons (mineral spirits, 85% nonane & 15% trimethylbenzene). Stoddard solvent is a colorless liquid. Kerosene-like odor
Uses
Dry cleaning; degreasing; paint thinner.
Uses
Dry cleaning, spot and stain removal.
Uses
Stoddard solvent is used widely in dry cleaning processes,
and as a general cleaning and universal solvent.
Definition
6-bromohexyl acetate is a colorless, refined petroleum distillate that is free from rancid or objectionable odors and that boils in the range of approximately 149.degree.C to 204.5.degree.C (300.degree.F to 400.degree.F).
General Description
A clear colorless mixture with a strong odor. Insoluble in water and about the same density as water. Flash point over 100°F. Avoid exposure. Used as a solvent and to make other chemicals.
Air & Water Reactions
Flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
NAPHTHA: NEO-CLEAR(R) XYLENE SUBSTITUTE is incompatible with the following: Strong oxidizers .
Hazard
Fire risk. Toxic by ingestion. Eye, skin
and kidney damage; nausea; central nervous system
impairment.
Health Hazard
High concentration of vapors may cause intoxication. If liquid is swallowed, it may get into lungs by aspiration; not very irritating to skin or eyes.
Flammability and Explosibility
Flammable
Safety Profile
Mildly toxic by inhalation. A human eye irritant. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, sparks, or flame. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid fumes and may explode; can react with oxidzing materials. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. See also n-NONANE.
Potential Exposure
Stoddard solvent is used as a diluent in paints, coatings, and waxes; as a paint thinner; as a drycleaning agent; as a degreaser for metal parts; as a herbicide
Carcinogenicity
Stodddard solvent was not genotoxic
in a variety of assays including Salmonella
typhimurium, a mouse lymphoma mutation
assay, rodent bone marrow cytogenic tests, and
rodent dominant lethal tests.
Environmental Fate
The hydrocarbons in Stoddard solvent vary in volatility and
water solubility. Spills of Stoddard solvent would be expected
to partition to soil, groundwater, and air. Smaller alkanes and
aromatics will likely volatilize to the air where photooxidation
can occur. Biodegradation in soil and/or water may be more
likely for the larger aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons,
although Stoddard solvent is unlikely to be readily biodegradable.
Although the larger hydrocarbons in Stoddard
solvent are expected to have slower elimination from biological
tissues than the smaller constituents, Stoddard solvent overall
would not be expected to bioaccumulate.
Shipping
UN1993 Flammable liquids, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, Technical Name Required. UN1268 Petroleum distillates, n.o.s. or Petroleum products, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.
Toxicity evaluation
Stoddard solvent, as with a number of petroleum hydrocarbons,
can produce kidney effects in male rats due to accumulation
of a-2m-globulin. Effects observed microscopically
include hyaline droplet accumulation, granular casts within
medullary tubules, corticotubular basophilia, and degeneration
with regeneration of tubular epithelium. These lesions,
characterized as hyaline droplet nephropathy, are attributed to
accumulation of a-2m-globulin, a carrier protein produced in
substantial quantities in male rat livers but in negligible
amounts in female rats and humans. The a-2m-globulin
protein, which transports endogenous pheromones into the kidneys of male rats, also has an affinity for petroleum
hydrocarbon. This mechanism is specific to male rats and is
considered irrelevant to human health risk assessment.
The lipophilic nature of Stoddard solvent can cause defatting
of the skin. Longer or repeated exposure can increase the
severity of the effects.
High exposures can produce neurological symptoms such
as dizziness and lack of coordination. The specific mechanism
of toxicity for this is unknown but could be similar to other
short- to medium-length hydrocarbons that also produce
neurotoxicity at high exposures.
The low viscosity of Stoddard solvent poses a risk of aspiration
into the lungs if it is ingested, which can induce pneumonia
that may be fatal.
Incompatibilities
May form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Attacks some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.
Toxics Screening Level
The
chemical names and descriptions from the EPA ToSCA inventory and CAS-on-line were consulted to
determine which CAS numbers might be covered by these three criteria, and could therefore, have an
ITSL of 3500 μg/m3 (eight hour averaging time) established, as based on one percent of the NIOSH REL.
Waste Disposal
Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.
