Chemical Properties
White Solid
Uses
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride is the salt form of Bupivacaine (B689561); is a sodium channel blocker, local anesthetic.
Definition
ChEBI: Bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) is a racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. The monohydrate form is commonly used as a local anaesthetic. It has a role as an adrenergic antagonist, an amphiphile, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor and a local anaesthetic. It contains a levobupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous), a dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) and a bupivacaine(1+).
brand name
Marcaine (Hospira); Sensorcaine
(AstraZeneca).
Biological Functions
Bupivacaine hydrochloride (Marcaine, Sensorcaine)
has particularly long action, and some nerve blocks last
more than 24 hours; this is often an advantage for postoperative
analgesia. Its use for epidural anesthesia in
obstetrics has attracted interest because it can relieve
the pain of labor at concentrations as low as 0.125%
while permitting some motor activity of abdominal
muscles to aid in expelling the fetus. The lower concentration
minimizes the possibility of cardiac toxicity.
Fetal drug concentrations remain low, and drug-induced
neurobehavioral changes are not observed in the newborn.
Bupivacaine also is approved for spinal anesthesia
and is approximately four times more potent and more
toxic than mepivacaine and lidocaine. It can be used
with or without epinephrine.
Clinical Use
Bupivacaine hydrochloride injection is a clear, colorless solution intended for use in adults to provide local or regional anesthesia or analgesia. It is suitable for various applications, including surgical procedures, dental and oral surgery, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, as well as obstetric procedures.
