Uses
Mercury(II) sulfate is an electrolyte for primary batteries. Other applications are in extraction of gold and silver from roasted pyrites; as a catalyst in organic reactions such as conversion of acetylene to acetaldehyde; and as a reagent for wine coloring.
Preparation
Mercury(II) sulfate is prepared by heating mercury with an excess of concentrated sulfuric acid; or by dissolving mercury(II) oxide in concentrated sulfuric acid. The solution is evaporated repeatedly to yield anhydrous salt as white leaftlets. However, in the presence of a small amount of water, the monohydrate of the salt, HgSO4•H2O crystallizes as a colorless rhombic prism. Hydrolysis occurs in the presence of a large amount of water, forming a yellow basic sulfate, HgSO4•2HgO.
The compound also is prepared by treating alkali sulfate, such as sodium or potassium sulfate with a solution of mercury(II) nitrate.
Reactions
Mercury(II) sulfate on heating first turns yellow and then becomes redbrown. When heated to red heat, it decomposes to mercury, sulfur dioxide, and oxygen.
HgSO4 → Hg + SO4 + O2
Mercury(II) sulfate hydrolyzes in water forming a basic sulfate HgSO4•2HgO. It forms double sulfates with alkali metal sulfates, such as K2SO4•3HgSO4•2H2O.
Description
Mercuric sulfate is a white, odorless, crystalline solid. Molecular weight= 296.65; Freezing/Melting point=(decomposes). Hazard Identification (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 3, Flammability 0, Reactivity 0. Decomposes in water.
Chemical Properties
White crystals or powder. Mercuric sulphate decomposes on contact with water into yellow insoluble basic sulphate and sulphuric acid. The products of decomposition of mercuric sulphate include oxides of sulphur and oxides of mercury. Mercuric sulphate is incompatible with acetylene, ammonia, and strong acids and corrosive to iron, magnesium, aluminium, zinc, lead, and copper.
Chemical Properties
Mercuric sulfate is a white, odorless, crystalline solid
Uses
Mercury(II) sulfate is used for gold and silver extraction, and to make other mercury compounds. Used as catalyst in the conversion of acetylene to acetaldehyde and used as a electrolyte in primary battery. It is commonly used as a catalyst in oxymercuration-demercuration, a type of electrophilic addition reaction.
Uses
Electrolyte for primary batteries; with NaCl for extracting gold and silver from roasted pyrites; as a reagent for wine coloring, barbital, and cystine.
General Description
Odorless white granules or crystalline powder. Denser than water. MERCURY(II) SULFATE is toxic by inhalation and by ingestion. MERCURY(II) SULFATE is used in medicine, for gold and silver extraction, and to make other mercury compounds.
Air & Water Reactions
Decomposed by water to yellow mercuric subsulfate and sulfuric acid, which is corrosive.
Reactivity Profile
The absorption of gaseous hydrogen chloride on MERCURY(II) SULFATE becomes violent at 125° C [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:462. 1956].
Hazard
Highly toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and
skin absorption.
Health Hazard
INHALATION: Acute poisoning: Tightness in chest, breathing difficulty, coughing, and pain. EYES: Ulceration of conjunctiva and cornea. SKIN: Irritation; may cause sensitization dermatitis. INGESTION: Necrosis, pain, vomiting, severe purging. Patient may die within a few hours from peripheral vascular collapse.
Fire Hazard
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: None
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion and
intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by
skin contact. When heated to decomposition
it emits very toxic fumes of Hg and SOx. See
also MERCURY COMPOUNDS.
Potential Exposure
Mercuric sulfate is used in making
other chemicals; as a battery electrolyte and in extracting
gold and silver from rock
First aid
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. Medical observation is recommended for 2448 h after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor or authorized paramedic may consider administering a corticosteroid spray. Antidotes and special procedures for medical personnel: The drug NAP (N-acetyl penicillamine) has been used to treat mercury poisoning with limited success. Note to physician: For severe poisoning BAL [British AntiLewisite, dimercaprol, dithiopropanol (C3H8OS2)] has been used to treat toxic symptoms of certain heavy metals poisoning including mercury. Although BAL is reported to have a large margin of safety, caution must be exercised, because toxic effects may be caused by excessive dosage. Most can be prevented by premedication with 1-ephedrine sulfate (CAS: 134-72-5).
storage
Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Store in a secure poison location. Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, wellventilated area away from light, water, and gaseous hydrogen chloride.
Shipping
UN1645 Mercury sulfates, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials
Incompatibilities
Contact with water produces sulfuric
acide and insoluble basic mercuric subsulfate. Reacts with
acids producing mercury vapors. Violent reaction with gaseous hydrogen chloride above 121C. Decomposes in heat
or on exposure to light, producing toxic fumes of mercury
and sulfur oxides. Attacks magnesium, aluminum, zinc,
iron, lead, copper.
